A Soft Computing Framework to Support Consumers in Obtaining Sustainable Appliances from the Market
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Paper’s Contribution
2.1. Literature Review
2.2. Paper’s Contribution
- (1)
- Maximization of a consumer’s economic wellbeing (water and energy consumption savings, investment savings, etc.);
- (2)
- Maximization of a consumer’s social wellbeing through their preferences (e.g., design, quality perceived, noise, and number of functions, among others);
- (3)
- Maximizing the consumer’s environmental wellbeing (avoidance of CO2 emissions, water savings);
- (4)
- Providing a methodology that allows obtaining several alternative sustainable solutions, which allow tackling some contingencies that eventually may occur (e.g., an out-of-stock electrical appliance initially recommended by the method).
3. Material & Research Method
3.1. Problem Statement and Case Study
3.2. Dataset
3.3. Proposed Approach
3.4. Strengths, Weakness, and Limitations of the Work
3.5. The Optimization Method Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGAII)
4. Results and Discussion
- Selection method: tournament
- Crossover method: double point
- Mutation method: random mutation (one point)
5. Conclusions & Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
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Emission Factor (gCO2/kWh) | 675.00 | Discount Factor (%) | 7.00 |
---|---|---|---|
Lifecycle (usage phase) (years): | 10.00 | Annual Factor | 7.03 |
Electrical Energy tariff () (€/kWh) | 0.16 | Water tariff () (€/m3) | 1.19 |
Energy Service | Hours | |||
Day | Week | Month | Year | |
Dryer machine | 1.5 | 4.0 | 15.0 | 183.0 |
Washing machine | 1.2 | 4.3 | 16.0 | 189.0 |
Fridge/freezer | 11.0 | 76.3 | 329.1 | 4007.0 |
Oven (electric) | 1.1 | 1.9 | 8.0 | 97.0 |
Dishwasher machine | 1.0 | 4.1 | 16.0 | 193.0 |
Air conditioning | 2.1 | 12.1 | 47.0 | 587.0 |
Lighting | 5.0 | 35.2 | 150.1 | 1823.0 |
Energy Service | Usage Frequency | |||
Day | Week | Month | Year | |
Dryer machine | 1 | 3 | 14 | 185 |
Washing machine | 1 | 2 | 14 | 181 |
Fridge/freezer | 1 | 6 | 28 | 359 |
Oven (electric) | 1 | 2 | 7 | 94 |
Dishwasher machine | 1 | 3 | 14 | 189 |
Air conditioning | 1 | 4 | 22 | 276 |
Lighting | 1 | 6 | 28 | 359 |
Household Appliance Type | Dimension | Ref. | Dimension | Ref. | Dimension | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A—Economics | B—Social | C—Environment | ||||
Ilu—light | Energy Efficiency Labeling | Ilu.A1 | Durability [h) | Ilu.B1 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the usage phase | Ilu.C1 |
Percentage of recycling material [%) | Ilu.C2 | |||||
Energy Cons. Savings (Lifecycle—Usage Phase) [€] | Ilu.A5 | Color Rendering Index (CRI) [%) | Ilu.B5 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the production phase | Ilu.C3 | |
AC—Air Conditioning | Energy Efficiency Labeling (Heating) | AC.A1 | Noise (Indoor) [dB) | AC.B1 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the production phase | AC.C1 |
Products can be repaired by other professionals | AC.C2 | |||||
Energy Efficiency Labeling (Cooling) | AC.A6 | Customer Service (Warranty) | AC.B9 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the usage phase | AC.C3 | |
FE—Oven (Electric) | Energy Efficiency Labeling | FE.A.1 | Design | FE.B1 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the usage phase | FE.C.1 |
Accessibility (Product repaired by other people) | FEC2 | |||||
Investment cost[€) | FE.A.5 | Perceived Satisfaction (by other clients) | FE.B.5 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the end use phase | FE.C.3 | |
MLL—Dishwasher | Energy Efficiency Labeling | MLL.A.1 | Design | MLL.B.1 | CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the usage phase | MLL.C.1 |
CO2e (Avoided) emissions during the end use phase | MLL.C2 | |||||
Durability | MLL.C3 | |||||
Water Cons. Savings (Lifecycle—Usage phase) [€) | MLL.A.6 | Perceived Satisfaction (by other clients) | MLL.B.6 | Water Consumption (Lifecycle—Usage phase) | MLL.C.4 |
Trial | Crossover Value | Mutation Value |
---|---|---|
1 | 0.75 | 0.15 |
2 | 0.75 | 0.25 |
3 | 0.85 | 0.15 |
4 | 0.85 | 0.25 |
Electrical Household Appliance | Standard Solution Total Invest, (€) | Sust. sol. Total Invest (€) | Inv. Saving (€) | Energy Consump. Savings (€) | Water Consump. (avoided) (l) | CO2 Emissions (avoided) (kg) | Manuf. | Model Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light | 16.88 | 49.04 | 5.35 | 62.20 | - | 27.60 | Phillips | LEDspo |
Air conditioning | 352.00 | 279.00 | 69.00 | 1319.50 | - | 1322.60 | Samsung | AQV09 |
Refrigerator | 234.00 | 399.00 | −265.00 | 709.30 | - | 9.72 | Becken | Bc2016 I |
Washing machine | 272.20 | 249,90 | −33,00 | 5.60 | 322.10 | 95.10 | INDESIT | EWE71 |
Dishwasher machine | 310.00 | 349.00 | −39.00 | 3.20 | 423.00 | 6.90 | LG | DF212F |
Oven | 171.00 | 701.00 | −28.30 | 2.82 | - | 2.33 | Electrolux | EZC243 |
Clothes dryer | 368.00 | 449.00 | −68.00 | 10.20 | - | 1.82 | Bosch | WTE841 |
Total | 1724.80 | 2475.94 | −262.65 | 2112.30 | 745.10 | 1458.90 | - | - |
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Santos, R.; Abreu, A.; Soares, J.; Mendes, F.; Calado, J.M.F. A Soft Computing Framework to Support Consumers in Obtaining Sustainable Appliances from the Market. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093206
Santos R, Abreu A, Soares J, Mendes F, Calado JMF. A Soft Computing Framework to Support Consumers in Obtaining Sustainable Appliances from the Market. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(9):3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093206
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Ricardo, António Abreu, José Soares, Fernanda Mendes, and João M.F. Calado. 2020. "A Soft Computing Framework to Support Consumers in Obtaining Sustainable Appliances from the Market" Applied Sciences 10, no. 9: 3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093206
APA StyleSantos, R., Abreu, A., Soares, J., Mendes, F., & Calado, J. M. F. (2020). A Soft Computing Framework to Support Consumers in Obtaining Sustainable Appliances from the Market. Applied Sciences, 10(9), 3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10093206