NMR-Based Metabolomic Study of Purple Carrot Optimal Harvest Time for Utilization as a Source of Bioactive Compounds
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. NMR Experiments
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Metabolite | Amount (µmol/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|
September | October | November | |
Leucine | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.63 ± 0.06 § * | 1.93 ± 0.14 † ** |
Isoleucine | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.03 § * | 0.93 ± 0.05, † ** |
Valine | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.03 § * | 1.15 ± 0.07 † ** |
1,2-propanediol | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.38 ± 0.03 § ** | 0.25 ± 0.03 |
Threonine | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.01 § * | 0.31 ± 0.02 † * |
Alanine | 0.38 ± 0.05 | 1.11 ± 0.19 § ** | 1.19 ± 0.11 |
Quinic acid | 1.04 ± 0.11 | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 1.52 ± 0.05 |
Acetic acid | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.65 ± 0.12 † * |
Glutamine | 2.45 ± 0.55 | 5.06 ± 0.91 | 11.65 ± 0.64 † * |
Aspartic acid | 0.39 ± 0.07 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.94 ± 0.11 † * |
Asparagine | 0.61 ± 0.09 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | 2.08 ± 0.11 |
ITP | 0.021 ± 0.002 | 0.015 ± 0.003 | 0.06 ± 0.01 † * |
Caffeic acid | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.04 | 0.49 ± 0.07 † ** |
Fumaric acid | 0.44 ± 0.02 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.03 |
Phenylalanine | 0.021 ± 0.003 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
Tryptophan | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 § ** | 0.38 ± 0.03 † ** |
Histidine | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 § ** | 0.39 ± 0.04 † ** |
NAD | 0.037 ± 0.002 | 0.037 ± 0.004 | 0.049 ± 0.001 |
Monoacylglycerol | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.30 ± 0.02 § ** | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
Metabolite | Amount (µmol/g) | |
---|---|---|
November | December | |
Leucine | 1.93 ± 0.14 | 1.18 ± 0.13 ** |
1,2-Propanediol | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.13 ± 0.02 ** |
Alanine | 1.19 ± 0.11 | 2.61 ± 0.12 ** |
GABA | 1.27 ± 0.13 | 3.05 ± 0.33 ** |
Aspartic acid | 0.94 ± 0.11 | 0.51 ± 0.05 * |
Luteolin 7-O-Glucoside | 0.83 ± 0.08 | 1.18 ± 0.12 * |
Chlorogenic acid | 1.14 ± 0.15 | 2.09 ± 0.41 * |
Fumaric acid | 0.30 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.18 * |
Tyrosine | 1.08 ± 0.08 | 1.68 ± 0.25 * |
NAD | 0.054 ± 0.002 | 0.11 ± 0.02 * |
ω-6 unsaturated fatty acids | 2.62 ± 0.24 | 1.42 ± 0.26 * |
Falcarinol | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.54 ± 0.03 ** |
Carotenoids | 0.009 ± 0.002 | 0.0031 ± 0.0004 ** |
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Sciubba, F.; Tomassini, A.; Giorgi, G.; Brasili, E.; Pasqua, G.; Capuani, G.; Aureli, W.; Miccheli, A. NMR-Based Metabolomic Study of Purple Carrot Optimal Harvest Time for Utilization as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238493
Sciubba F, Tomassini A, Giorgi G, Brasili E, Pasqua G, Capuani G, Aureli W, Miccheli A. NMR-Based Metabolomic Study of Purple Carrot Optimal Harvest Time for Utilization as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(23):8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238493
Chicago/Turabian StyleSciubba, Fabio, Alberta Tomassini, Giorgio Giorgi, Elisa Brasili, Gabriella Pasqua, Giorgio Capuani, Walter Aureli, and Alfredo Miccheli. 2020. "NMR-Based Metabolomic Study of Purple Carrot Optimal Harvest Time for Utilization as a Source of Bioactive Compounds" Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8493. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238493