Abundance and Composition of Marine Litter on the Seafloor of the Gulf of Sant Jordi (Western Mediterranean Sea)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Area of Study
2.2. Data and Methodology
3. Results
3.1. Abundance and Composition of Marine Litter
3.2. Temporal Distribution of Marine Litter
3.3. Depth Distribution of Marine Litter
4. Discussion
4.1. Abundance and Distribution
4.2. Characterization and Sources
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material (UNEP/IOC–EU MSFD) | Items | Daily Mean Items (SD) | Density (Items km−2) |
---|---|---|---|
Plastic (PL–pl) | 2093 (77.8%) | 37.3 (25.61) | 100.9 |
Metal (ME–me) | 260 (9.7%) | 4.6 (3.20) | 12.6 |
Paper and cardboard (PC–pp) | 130 (4.8%) | 2.3 (1.74) | 6.3 |
Cloth (CL–ct) | 94 (3.5%) | 1.7 (1.34) | 4.6 |
Glass and ceramics (GC–gc) | 70 (2.6%) | 1.3 (1.16) | 3.4 |
Anthropogenic wood (WD–wo) | 23 (0.9%) | 0.4 (0.65) | 1.2 |
Rubber (RB–ru) | 21 (0.7%) | 0.4 (0.63) | 1.0 |
Total | 2691 | 48.0 (28.24) | 130.0 |
Plastic Objects (UNEP/IOC–EU MSFD) | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) |
---|---|---|
Plastic bags (PL07–J3/J4) | 40.4% | 40.8 |
Sanitary waste (OT02- *) | 25.6% | 25.7 |
Bottles < 2 L (PL02) | 13.8% | 13.9 |
Food containers (PL06–J224) | 7.8% | 7.9 |
Monofilament line (PL18–J59) | 5.2% | 5.3 |
Sheeting (PL16–J67/J220) | 1.5% | 1.5 |
Other plastic objects | 5.7% | 5.8 |
Total | 100% | 100.9 |
Material | July–August | September | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Codes | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) |
PL–pl | 74.9% | 90.9 | 83.2% | 123.6 |
ME–me | 11.1% | 13.4 | 7.1% | 10.5 |
PC–pp | 5.5% | 6.7 | 3.6% | 5.4 |
CL–co | 4.0% | 4.9 | 2.5% | 3.7 |
GC–gc | 2.5% | 3.1 | 2.8% | 4.1 |
WD–wo | 1.1% | 1.3 | 0.4% | 0.6 |
RB–ru | 0.9% | 1.2 | 0.4% | 0.6 |
Total | 100% | 121.5 | 100% | 148.5 |
Material | Sea Depth ≤ 100 m | Sea Depth > 100 m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Codes | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) |
PL–pl | 81.9% | 157.3 | 67.4% | 48.3 |
ME–me | 7.9% | 15.1 | 14.2% | 10.1 |
PC–pc | 3.6% | 6.8 | 8.1% | 5.8 |
CL–co | 2.9% | 5.6 | 4.9% | 3.5 |
GC–gc | 2.2% | 4.2 | 3.6% | 2.6 |
WD–wo | 0.8% | 1.6 | 0.9% | 0.6 |
RB–ru | 0.7% | 1.4 | 0.9% | 0.6 |
Total | 100% | 192 | 100% | 71.5 |
Plastic Objects | Sea Depth ≤ 100 m | Sea Depth > 100 m | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Density (Items km−2) | Frequency | Density (Items km−2) | |
Plastic bags | 38.6% | 60.7 | 46.1% | 22.2 |
Sanitary waste | 31.8% | 50.0 | 6.7% | 3.3 |
Bottles < 2 L | 12.3% | 19.4 | 18.3% | 8.9 |
Food containers | 7.4% | 11.7 | 8.9% | 4.3 |
Monofilament line | 3.7% | 5.8 | 9.8% | 4.7 |
Other plastic objects | 6.2% | 9.8 | 10.2% | 4.9 |
Total | 100% | 157.3 | 100% | 48.3 |
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Saladié, Ò.; Bustamante, E. Abundance and Composition of Marine Litter on the Seafloor of the Gulf of Sant Jordi (Western Mediterranean Sea). Environments 2021, 8, 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8100106
Saladié Ò, Bustamante E. Abundance and Composition of Marine Litter on the Seafloor of the Gulf of Sant Jordi (Western Mediterranean Sea). Environments. 2021; 8(10):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8100106
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaladié, Òscar, and Edgar Bustamante. 2021. "Abundance and Composition of Marine Litter on the Seafloor of the Gulf of Sant Jordi (Western Mediterranean Sea)" Environments 8, no. 10: 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments8100106