Selection of the Best Alternative of Heating System by Environmental Impact Assessment—Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Study Area
2.2. Description of the Project
- biomass-fired power plant (alternative 1; wood chips and straw);
- modernization of existing natural gas boiler (alternative 2).
2.2.1. Biomass-Fired Power Plant
Wood Chips Combustion
Straw Combustion
2.2.2. Modernization of Existing Natural Gas Boiler
2.3. Application of the Methodology
- Scoping and impact identification techniques—these identify how and where an indirect or cumulative impact or impact interaction would occur—Network and analysis; Consultation and questionnaires; Checklists, Matrices; Expert opinion.
- Evaluation techniques—these quantify and predict the magnitude and significance of impacts based on their context and intensity—Matrices; Expert opinion.
- The creation of a purpose-oriented set of evaluation criteria;
- Setting the weights of the evaluation criteria;
- Assessment of the results (consequences, benefits, but also potential damages or losses of alternatives), it is a partial assessment of the alternatives;
- Assessment of the risks associated with implementing the alternatives;
- Determination of the preference order of alternatives and selection of the best option.
- (I)
- zero alternative—if there is no activity (current state of the environment); and
- (II)
- alternatives of the proposed activity—variants of the activity that usually differ in the locality (site of construction), used technology, time of implementation, etc.
- Ranking method
- Allocation method
- Grading method
- Pairwise comparison method
- Dual method ALO-FUL
3. Results and Discussion
- Alternative 0—the zero alternative—if no activity is implemented.
- Alternative 1—the biomass-fired power plant in Trebišov district.
- Alternative 2—modernization of existing natural gas boiler.
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group of Methods | Methods |
---|---|
Recommended methods suitable for preliminary impact study | Ad hoc methods |
Checklists and catalogues of criteria | |
Tables and matrices, expressing the causes and the effects | |
Networks and system diagrams | |
Decision trees | |
Overlay mapping | |
Recommended methods suitable for environmental impact statement | Prognostic methods
|
Multicriteria analysis | Method of utility function |
Total Environmental Quality Indicator (TIEQ) method | |
Methods for determining weights of criteria
|
Aspect | Economic | Technical | Ecological | Social |
---|---|---|---|---|
Criteria (Pi) | the total cost of construction (P1) | time of construction (P3) | waste production (P6) | job opportunities (P8) |
annual operation cost (P2) | land occupation (P4) | emissions production (P7) | extra boiler room construction (P9) | |
energy outputs of the power plants (P5) | ||||
Character of assessment | quantitative | quantitative | qualitative | qualitative |
Criteria Pi/ Alternative Ai | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | ∑Uj | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bv | 9 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | ||
wi | 3 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 17 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 100 | |
A0 | value | 0 € | 0 € | 0 months | 0 m2 | 0 MW | no | 0% | 0 | yes | |
points | 9 | 8 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
ki0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
ki0.wi | 3 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 53 | |
A1 | value | 3.8 mil. € | 0.54 mil. € | 9 months | 2000 m2 | 14 MW | yes | 0% | 8 | no | |
points | 3 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 8 | ||
ki1 | 0.33 | 0.75 | 0.2 | 0.375 | 1 | 0.625 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
ki1.wi | 0.99 | 2.25 | 1.6 | 1.125 | 11 | 10.63 | 19 | 17 | 19 | 82.6 | |
A2 | value | 2.6 mil. € | 0.65 mil. € | 3 months | 1250 m2 | 10 MW | yes | 6.5% | 6 | no | |
points | 8 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||
ki2 | 0.88 | 0.625 | 0.8 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.5 | 0.86 | 0.78 | 1 | ||
ki2.wi | 2.64 | 1.875 | 6.4 | 2.25 | 9.68 | 8.5 | 16.3 | 13.26 | 19 | 79.9 |
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Ondrejka Harbulakova, V.; Zelenakova, M.; Purcz, P.; Olejnik, A. Selection of the Best Alternative of Heating System by Environmental Impact Assessment—Case Study. Environments 2018, 5, 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments5020019
Ondrejka Harbulakova V, Zelenakova M, Purcz P, Olejnik A. Selection of the Best Alternative of Heating System by Environmental Impact Assessment—Case Study. Environments. 2018; 5(2):19. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments5020019
Chicago/Turabian StyleOndrejka Harbulakova, Vlasta, Martina Zelenakova, Pavol Purcz, and Adrian Olejnik. 2018. "Selection of the Best Alternative of Heating System by Environmental Impact Assessment—Case Study" Environments 5, no. 2: 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments5020019