Disinfection Performance in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in Cold Climate Conditions: A Case Study in Nunavut, Canada
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Assessment of Water Quality
2.3. Detection of Indicator Organisms
2.4. Modelling Disinfection
3. Results
3.1. WSP Performance
3.2. Comparative Analysis of Disinfection Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Parameters |
---|---|
Marais, 1974 [28] | Temperature, sunlight |
Curtis et al., 1992 [13] | pH, DO, sunlight |
Auer & Niehaus, 1993 [25] | Sedimentation, depth-averaged sunlight |
Mayo, 1995 [29] | pH, sunlight |
Xu et al., 2002 [26] | temperature, depth-averaged sunlight |
Trip 1 (July) | Trip 2 (August) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicator Organisms | Influent | Effluent | Log Removal | Influent | Effluent | Log Removal |
E. coli (CFU/100 mL) | 5.1 × 106 | 8.9 × 105 | 0.76 | 2.5 × 107 | 1.3 × 106 | 1.28 |
Other coliforms (CFU/100 mL) | 1.8 × 107 | 2.8 × 106 | 0.81 | 1.1 × 108 | 1.1 × 107 | 1.00 |
Total coliforms (CFU/100 mL) | 2.3 × 107 | 3.7 × 106 | 0.79 | 1.3 × 108 | 1.23 × 107 | 1.02 |
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Liu, L.; MacDougall, A.; Hall, G.; Champagne, P. Disinfection Performance in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in Cold Climate Conditions: A Case Study in Nunavut, Canada. Environments 2017, 4, 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4040093
Liu L, MacDougall A, Hall G, Champagne P. Disinfection Performance in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in Cold Climate Conditions: A Case Study in Nunavut, Canada. Environments. 2017; 4(4):93. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4040093
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Lei, Alan MacDougall, Geof Hall, and Pascale Champagne. 2017. "Disinfection Performance in Wastewater Stabilization Ponds in Cold Climate Conditions: A Case Study in Nunavut, Canada" Environments 4, no. 4: 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments4040093