Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Legislation on Toxic VOCs in Japan and Korea
2.1. Japan
2.2. Korea
3. Environmental Monitoring & Management
3.1. Japan
3.2. Korea
4. Conclusions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Japan | Korea |
---|---|---|
Central authority | Ministry of the Environment | Ministry of Environment |
Relevant law/act | Air Pollution Control Act | Clean Air Conservation Act |
Definition | Any substance that is likely to harm human health if ingested continuously and that is a source of air pollution. | Air pollutants that are feared to directly or indirectly inflict any harm or injury on the health and property of humans or on the birth and breeding of animal and plants. |
List of HAPs | 22 a | 35 b |
Relevant measures | - Enterprise shall take the necessary measure to determine the status of emission and discharge into the atmosphere of HAPs. - The State shall endeavor to implement studies in collaboration with local public entities in order to determine the status of air pollution by HAPs, and shall periodically make public the results of human health risk evaluation. | - The central authority shall install measuring networks and constantly measure the level of air pollution. - Permissible emission levels, reduction facility installation and operation, leakage monitoring, and maintenance standards will be applicable to each industry according to the facility management standards. |
Toxic VOCs | Japan | Korea |
---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | ● | ● |
Acrylonitrile | ● | ● |
Aniline | ● | |
Benzene | ● | ● |
1,3-Butadiene | ● | ● |
Carbon tetrachloride | ● | |
Chloroform | ● | ● |
Chloromethyl methyl ether | ● | |
1,2-Dichloroethane | ● | ● |
Dichloromethane | ● | ● |
Dimethyl sulfide | ● | |
Ethylbenzene | ● | |
Ethylene oxide | ● | ● |
Formaldehyde | ● | ● |
Phenol | ● | |
Propylene oxide | ● | |
Styrene | ● | |
Tetrachloroethylene | ● | ● |
Trichloroethylene | ● | ● |
Vinyl chloride | ● | ● |
HAPs | Environmental Air Quality Standards (Based on Annual Average) | |
---|---|---|
Japan | Korea | |
Benzene | 0.003 mg/m3 | 0.005 mg/m3 |
Trichloroethylene | 0.2 mg/m3 | -- |
Tetrachloroethylene | 0.2 mg/m3 | -- |
Dichloromethane | 0.15 mg/m3 | -- |
HAPs | Environmental Air Quality Levels (Unit: µg/m3) b | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |
Benzene | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Trichloroethylene | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 0.76 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.53 | 0.50 |
Tetrachloroethylene | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
Dichloromethane | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Acrylonitrile | -- | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.093 | 0.079 | 0.073 | 0.088 | 0.080 |
Chloroform | -- | 0.26 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.20 |
1,2-Dichloroethane | -- | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
1,3-Butadiene | -- | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.14 |
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Tsai, W.-T. Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea. Environments 2016, 3, 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030023
Tsai W-T. Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea. Environments. 2016; 3(3):23. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030023
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsai, Wen-Tien. 2016. "Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea" Environments 3, no. 3: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030023
APA StyleTsai, W.-T. (2016). Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Atmospheric Environment: Regulatory Aspects and Monitoring in Japan and Korea. Environments, 3(3), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments3030023