Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. State of the Art of the Methodologies Applied
3. Methodology
3.1. Study Area
Landscape Name | Area Name | Surface Area (m2) |
---|---|---|
WS 104 | Mohareb | 9356 |
WS 59 | Mansheyat Bani Hasan | 6060 |
WS 108 | Urainbeh Al-gharbieh | 6149 |
3.2. Procedure for Using Combined Landscape Metrics and Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis
Implement Rainwater Harvesting under Different Landscape Metrics Values | Metrics Comparisons | Benefits from rainwater harvesting | Suitability of Rainwater Harvesting (S) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of Water Collected | Decrease the Soil Erosion Rates | Improve the Soil Water Holding Capacity | Improve the Water Availability for Plants | Improve the Soil Structure | Reduce the Surface Runoff | Maintain Soil Organic Matter | Reducing the Impact of Drought | ||||
A | B | MPS(B) > MPS(A) PN(A) > PN(B) | B > A | B > A | B > A | B > A | B > A | B > A | B > A | B > A | S(B) > S(A) |
C | D | CA(C) > CA(D) CAP(C) > CAP(D) | C > D | C > D | C > D | C > D | C > D | C > D | C > D | C > D | S(C) > S(D) |
E | F | PROX(E) > PROX(F) | E > F | E > F | E > F | E > F | E > F | E > F | E > F | E > F | S(E) > S(F) |
G | H | ENN(H) > ENN(G) | H > G | H > G | H > G | H > G | H > G | H > G | H > G | H > G | S(H) > S(G) |
I | J | GYRATE(I) > GYRATE(J) | I > J | I > J | I > J | I > J | I > J | I > J | I > J | I > J | S(I) > S(J) |
K | L | SHAPE (K) > SHAPE(L) TE(K) > TE(L) | L > K | L > K | L > K | L > K | L > K | L > K | L > K | L > K | S(L) > S(K) |
M | N | ECON(M) > ECON(N) | M > N | M > N | M > N | M > N | M>N | M>N | M>N | M>N | S(N) > S(M) |
4. Results
4.1. Landscape Spatial Patterns
The studied landscapes | Patch Richness | PN | MPS (m2) |
---|---|---|---|
WS 59 | 5 | 124 | 75 |
WS 104 | 2 | 6 | 1013 |
WS 108 | 5 | 40 | 154 |
4.2. Spatial Features of Land Cover Types
4.2.1. Dominancy and Fragmentation
LCTs | CA(m2) | CAP (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WS 59 | WS 104 | WS 108 | WS 59 | WS 104 | WS 108 | |
Barley | 2361 | 1171 | 2893 | 25 | 19 | 47 |
Urban | 1350 | - | 297 | 14 | - | 5 |
Non-vegetative | 4665 | 4908 | 2349 | 50 | 81 | 38 |
Quarries | 75 | - | 11 | 0.8 | - | 0.2 |
Mixed Agriculture | 904 | - | 597 | 10 | - | 10 |
LCTs | Number of Patches | Mean Patch Size (m2) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WS 59 | WS 104 | WS 108 | WS 59 | WS 104 | WS 108 | |
Barley | 41 | 5 | 5 | 58 | 234 | 579 |
Urban | 18 | - | 11 | 75 | - | 27 |
Non-vegetative | 39 | 1 | 15 | 110 | 4908 | 157 |
Quarries | 4 | - | 1 | 19 | - | 11 |
Mixed Agriculture | 22 | - | 8 | 41 | - | 75 |
4.2.2. Connectivity and Shape
4.3. Determination of Candidate Rainwater Harvesting Sites
Landscape Metrics | WS 59 | WS 104 | WS 108 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-Vegetative | Barley | Mixed Agriculture | Non-Vegetative | Barley | Non-Vegetative | Barley | Mixed Agriculture | |
PN | * | * | * | |||||
MPS | * | * | * | * | ||||
CA | * | * | * | * | ||||
CAP | * | * | * | * | ||||
TE | * | * | * | |||||
SHAPE | * | * | * | |||||
GYRATE | * | * | * | |||||
ENN | * | * | * | |||||
PROX | * | * | * | |||||
ECON | * | * | * | * | ||||
Total number of * | 7 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 1 |
4.4. Analytic Hierarchy Process Results
Alternatives | Ideals | Normals | Raw |
---|---|---|---|
Non-vegetative LCT in WS 59 | 0.609923 | 0.289810 | 0.144905 |
Non-vegetative LCT in WS 104 | 1.000000 | 0.475159 | 0.237579 |
Non-vegetative LCT in WS 108 | 0.494637 | 0.235031 | 0.117516 |
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Albalawneh, A.; Chang, T.-K.; Huang, C.-W.; Mazahreh, S. Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan. Environments 2015, 2, 415-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2030415
Albalawneh A, Chang T-K, Huang C-W, Mazahreh S. Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan. Environments. 2015; 2(3):415-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2030415
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbalawneh, Abeer, Tsun-Kuo Chang, Chun-Wei Huang, and Safa Mazahreh. 2015. "Using Landscape Metrics Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess Water Harvesting Potential Sites in Jordan" Environments 2, no. 3: 415-434. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments2030415