Adaptations of Potential Nitrogenase Activity and Microbiota with Long-Term Application of Manure Compost to Paddy Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Rice Culture and Sampling
2.2. Reagents Used
2.3. Analyses of Chemical Composition
2.4. Diazotroph Population Density
2.5. Measurement of Potential Nitrogenase Activity
2.6. Evaluation of Soil Bacterial Microbiota
3. Results
3.1. Effects of the Seasonal Change and the Different Material Applications on the Diazotroph Population Density and the Potential Nitrogenase Activity
3.2. Increases in Alpha Diversity of Soil Microbiota with the Long-Term MC Application
3.3. Soil Microbiota Beta Diversity with the Long-Term MC and CF Applications
3.4. Changes of the Relative Taxonomic Abundances in the Long-Term MC Application
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Applied Material | Content (% w/w) | Applied Quantity | Applied Month |
---|---|---|---|
|
|
| May July March May (2018) in MC plot December (2018) in CF plot March (2019) in MC plot December (2019) in CF plot March (2020) in MC plot |
Material Applied | Ammonia (mg/100 g) | Mineralizable N (mg NH3/100 g) | ||||
March (Before application) | May (After application) | July (Before additional application) | March (Before application) | May (After application) | July (Before additional application) | |
CF CF + BP MC MC + BP | 2.83 ± 0.43 2.94 ± 1.25 4.21 ± 1.07 2.91 ± 1.20 | 1.93 ± 2.37 1.64 ± 1.66 0.88 ± 0.25 0.93 ± 0.21 | 0.75 ± 0.38 0.70 ± 0.25 0.75 ± 0.33 0.70 ± 0.36 | 3.15 ± 2.61 2.89 ± 1.33 3.18 ± 3.42 2.44 ± 3.28 | 7.06 ± 5.01 6.03 ± 4.86 8.74 ± 1.69 10.27 ± 2.47 | 5.09 ± 1.09 5.35 ± 1.52 7.16 ± 0.61 7.84 ± 1.79 |
Material Applied | Shannon | Inverse Simpson |
---|---|---|
CF CF + BP MC MC + BP | 8.12 ± 0.05 8.17 ± 0.18 8.70 ± 0.07 8.48 ± 0.03 | 717 ± 63 757 ± 101 1170 ± 37 899 ± 154 |
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Ao, Z.; Xia, J.; Seino, H.; Inaba, K.; Takahashi, Y.; Hayakawa, C.; Hirai, H.; Maeda, I. Adaptations of Potential Nitrogenase Activity and Microbiota with Long-Term Application of Manure Compost to Paddy Soil. Environments 2023, 10, 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10060103
Ao Z, Xia J, Seino H, Inaba K, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa C, Hirai H, Maeda I. Adaptations of Potential Nitrogenase Activity and Microbiota with Long-Term Application of Manure Compost to Paddy Soil. Environments. 2023; 10(6):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10060103
Chicago/Turabian StyleAo, Zhalaga, Juan Xia, Honoka Seino, Katsuhiro Inaba, Yukitsugu Takahashi, Chie Hayakawa, Hideaki Hirai, and Isamu Maeda. 2023. "Adaptations of Potential Nitrogenase Activity and Microbiota with Long-Term Application of Manure Compost to Paddy Soil" Environments 10, no. 6: 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments10060103