The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity

Sun, Qian; Su, Shuchang; Lai, Shuting; Ding, Xi; Guo, Shaoyang

doi:10.3390/bs15081120

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Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity

by

Qian Sun

^1,*

,

Shuchang Su

¹

,

Shuting Lai

¹

,

Xi Ding

¹

and

Shaoyang Guo

^2,*

¹

Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

²

School of Educational Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081120

Submission received: 25 June 2025 / Revised: 14 August 2025 / Accepted: 16 August 2025 / Published: 18 August 2025

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Abstract

This study examined how undergraduate bystanders respond to cyber-ostracism events and the moderating role of rejection sensitivity in shaping helping behaviors using two experiments. In Experiment 1 (N = 276), we first measured participants’ rejection sensitivity, then manipulated cyber-ostracism using a social media interaction scenario, and finally, measured helping behavior towards the (non-)ostracism target using a questionnaire. Experiment 2 (N = 258) sought to replicate and extend the findings of Experiment 1 using a methodologically refined design, in which we employed a modified Cyberball paradigm to manipulate cyber-ostracism and measured bystanders’ helping behavior through their resource allocation decisions (i.e., token sharing). The results revealed that witnessing cyber-ostracism significantly promoted bystanders’ helping behavior. This facilitative effect was more pronounced among bystanders with high rejection sensitivity. These findings shed light on the psychological mechanisms underlying bystanders’ helping responses in the context of cyber-ostracism and provide a new perspective for understanding interpersonal interactions in digital environments.

Keywords: cyber-ostracism; bystanders’ helping behavior; rejection sensitivity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, Q.; Su, S.; Lai, S.; Ding, X.; Guo, S. The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity. Behav. Sci. 2025, 15, 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081120

AMA Style

Sun Q, Su S, Lai S, Ding X, Guo S. The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity. Behavioral Sciences. 2025; 15(8):1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081120

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Qian, Shuchang Su, Shuting Lai, Xi Ding, and Shaoyang Guo. 2025. "The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity" Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 8: 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081120

APA Style

Sun, Q., Su, S., Lai, S., Ding, X., & Guo, S. (2025). The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity. Behavioral Sciences, 15(8), 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15081120

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The Impact of Cyber-Ostracism on Bystanders’ Helping Behavior Among Undergraduates: The Moderating Role of Rejection Sensitivity

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