How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Trait Mindfulness and Smartphone Addiction
2.2. The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety
2.3. The Moderating Effect of the Left-Behind Experience
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Questionnaire Design
3.2. Measurement of Variables
3.2.1. Trait Mindfulness
3.2.2. Smartphone Addiction
3.2.3. Social Anxiety
3.3. Data Collection and Description
3.4. Analytic Approach
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Analysis of Study Variables and Correlation Matrix
4.2. Test for Mediating Effects with Moderation
4.3. Test for Mediating Effects with Moderation
5. Discussion
5.1. Discussion of Findings
5.1.1. The Inhibitory Effect of Trait Mindfulness on Smartphone Addiction
5.1.2. The Mediating Role of Social Anxiety
5.1.3. The Moderating Effect of the Left-Behind Experience
5.2. Theoretical Contributions
5.3. Practice Inspiration
5.4. Research Gaps and Prospects
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Trait mindfulness | 3.361 | 0.955 | — | |||||
2. Social anxiety | 3.303 | 0.972 | −0.421 ** | — | ||||
3. Withdrawal symptoms | 2.781 | 0.945 | −0.392 ** | 0.416 ** | — | |||
4. Salient behaviors | 2.226 | 0.823 | −0.429 ** | 0.343 ** | 0.802 ** | — | ||
5. Social soothing | 2.829 | 1.083 | −0.384 ** | 0.520 ** | 0.628 ** | 0.547 ** | — | |
6. Mood changes | 2.660 | 0.996 | −0.424 ** | 0.473 ** | 0.725 ** | 0.686 ** | 0.585 ** | — |
X | → | Y | Standardized Effect | SE | p | Hypothesis Validation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait mindfulness | Social anxiety | −0.421 | 0.023 | 0.007 | Support | |
Social anxiety | Withdrawal symptoms | 0.306 | 0.024 | 0.002 | Support | |
Social anxiety | Salient behaviors | 0.198 | 0.021 | 0.021 | Support | |
Social anxiety | Social soothing | 0.435 | 0.026 | 0.048 | Support | |
Social anxiety | Mood changes | 0.358 | 0.024 | 0.014 | Support | |
Trait mindfulness | Withdrawal symptoms | −0.263 | 0.024 | 0.018 | Support | |
Trait mindfulness | Salient behaviors | −0.345 | 0.021 | 0.036 | Support | |
Trait mindfulness | Social soothing | −0.201 | 0.026 | 0.012 | Support | |
Trait mindfulness | Mood changes | −0.273 | 0.024 | 0.014 | Support |
Paths | Total Effect | Indirect Effect | SE | BootLLCI | BootULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait mindfulness–social anxiety –withdrawal symptoms | −0.406 ** | −0.118 | 0.009 | 0.093 | 0.153 |
Trait mindfulness–social anxiety –salient behaviors | −0.441 ** | −0.197 | 0.011 | 0.129 | 0.195 |
Trait mindfulness–social anxiety –social soothing | −0.388 ** | −0.067 | 0.008 | 0.078 | 0.127 |
Trait mindfulness–social anxiety –mood changes | −0.448 ** | −0.156 | 0.011 | 0.107 | 0.163 |
b | SE | t | p | LLCI | ULCI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constants | 2.729 | 0.130 | 21.070 | 0.000 | 2.475 | 2.983 |
Trait mindfulness | −0.312 | 0.023 | −13.780 | 0.000 | −0.356 | −0.267 |
Social anxiety | 0.267 | 0.023 | −2.310 | 0.000 | 0.222 | 0.312 |
LBE | −0.304 | 0.132 | −2.306 | 0.021 | −0.563 | −0.046 |
LBE * social anxiety | 0.092 | 0.038 | 2.427 | 0.015 | 0.018 | 0.167 |
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Li, D.; Xu, Y.; Cao, S. How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070540
Li D, Xu Y, Cao S. How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(7):540. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070540
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Dengfeng, Yang Xu, and Shangqing Cao. 2023. "How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 7: 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070540
APA StyleLi, D., Xu, Y., & Cao, S. (2023). How Does Trait Mindfulness Weaken the Effects of Risk Factors for Adolescent Smartphone Addiction? A Moderated Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070540