Do Moral Judgments in Moral Dilemmas Make One More Inclined to Choose a Medical Degree?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Measurement
“You are near a railway track when you suddenly see a runaway trolley. Further down its course five persons are tied up to the tracks. If you choose to do nothing, all five will be killed by the trolley. Luckily, there is a switch near you. If you activate the switch the trolley will be redirected to a secondary track. But you know that on that second track another person is tied up, who would be killed by the trolley if you activate the switch. You know that what happens next with all these people is the result of your decision.”
“You are near a fat man on a footbridge that crosses a rail. You suddenly see that a runaway trolley is heading towards your direction and threatens the life of 5 people who were tied up to the tracks. The only thing you can do, in order to save the lives of these 5 people, is to push the fat man over the footbridge, in front of the trolley, sacrificing his life but stopping the trolley.”
2.3. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Sample Description
3.2. The Logistic Regression Models
3.3. Cross Validation and Sensitivity Analysis
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
TD Factual | MTD Factual | FD Factual | MFD Factual | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TD factual | 1 | 0.497 *** | 0.362 *** | 0.362 *** | 0.151 *** |
MTD factual | 1 | 0.356 *** | 0.446 *** | 0.069 | |
FD factual | 1 | 0.667 *** | 0.067 | ||
MFD factual | 1 | 0.096 * | |||
Gender | 1 |
Appendix B
“You are near a railway track when you suddenly see a runaway trolley. Further down its course five, persons are tied up to the tracks. If you choose to do nothing, all five will be killed by the trolley. Luckily, there is a switch near you. If you activate the switch the trolley will be redirected to a secondary line where, just a few feet from you, a person is tied up and would be run over by the trolley. You know these are your only two options.”
“You work for the railway traffic control, in a building a few miles away from a footbridge that crosses a railway. While you were drinking your coffee you see, on your monitor, that a runaway trolley is heading towards the footbridge and threatens the life of five people who are tied up to the tracks. The only thing you can do, in order to save their lives, is to push a button which opens a hatch under the bridge. A fat man standing on the bridge will fall through the hatch and die, but in the process s/he also stops the trolley hence saving 5 lives.”
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Variable | Descriptive Statistics (n = 563) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numerical variable | Min | Median | Mean | Max | SD |
Age (Group 1) | 13 | 15 | 15.57 | 20 | 1.39 |
Age (Group 2) | 18 | 19 | 19.04 | 25 | 0.79 |
Categorical variables | Proportion | ||||
Gender (Group 1) | |||||
Female | 48% | ||||
Male | 52% | ||||
Gender (Group 2) | |||||
Female | 70% | ||||
Male | 30% |
Scenario | High School Students (n = 310) | Medical Students (n = 253) |
---|---|---|
TD model | 86.0% (Yes) | 69.0% (Yes) |
14% (No) | 31% (No) | |
MTD model | 61.0% (Yes) | 56.0% (Yes) |
39% No | 44% (No) | |
FD model | 57.0% (Yes) | 70.0% (Yes) |
43% (No) | 30% (No) | |
MFD model | 61.0% (Yes) | 61.0% (Yes) |
39% (No) | 39% (No) |
Model | Group (Medical Versus Non-Medical Students) (n = 394) |
---|---|
Intercept | −0.614 ** (0.197) |
TD factual Yes No | Reference 0.862 ** (0.318) |
FD factual Yes No | Reference 1.049 *** (0.297) |
MTD factual Yes No | Reference −0.916 ** (0.292) |
MFD factual Yes No | Reference 0.505 (0.307) |
Gender Female Male | Reference −0.707 ** (0.229) |
AUC | 0.720 |
Variable | TD | FD | MTD | MFD | Gender |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VIF | 1.443 | 1.751 | 1.706 | 1.949 | 1.009 |
Model (n = 563) | Group | Group | Group | Group | Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 1.064 *** (0.262) | −0.491 ** (0.156) | −1.213 ** (0.445) | −0.935 * (0.458) | −1.019 * (0.463) |
FD factual Yes No | - | Reference 1.137 *** (0.183) | Reference 0.987 *** (0.194) | Reference 1.125 *** (0.204) | Reference 0.934 *** (0.248) |
TD factual Yes No | - | - | Reference 0.528 * (0.234) | Reference 0.842 ** (0.263) | Reference 0.825 ** (0.263) |
MTD factual Yes No | - | - | - | Reference −0.615 ** (0.226) | Reference −0.693 ** (0.234) |
MFD factual Yes No | - | - | - | - | Reference 0.337 (0.255) |
Gender Female Male | Reference −0.904 *** (0.178) | Reference −0.895 *** (0.185) | Reference −0.843 *** (0.187) | Reference −0.850 *** (0.188) | Reference −0.845 *** (0.189) |
AUC | 0.607 | 0.687 | 0.698 | 0.708 | 0.711 |
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Druică, E.; Gibea, T.; Ianole-Călin, R.; Socaciu, E. Do Moral Judgments in Moral Dilemmas Make One More Inclined to Choose a Medical Degree? Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060474
Druică E, Gibea T, Ianole-Călin R, Socaciu E. Do Moral Judgments in Moral Dilemmas Make One More Inclined to Choose a Medical Degree? Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(6):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060474
Chicago/Turabian StyleDruică, Elena, Toni Gibea, Rodica Ianole-Călin, and Emanuel Socaciu. 2023. "Do Moral Judgments in Moral Dilemmas Make One More Inclined to Choose a Medical Degree?" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 6: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060474