Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions, Limitations, and Prospects
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Limitations
5.3. Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AA | PA | Intention | Grade | SES | School | BMI | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA | - | 0.054 * | 0.137 ** | −0.068 ** | 0.161 ** | 0.079 ** | −0.159 ** | −0.084 ** |
PA | - | 0.411 ** | −0.110 ** | 0.093 ** | 0.070 ** | −0.016 | 0.137 ** | |
Intention | - | −0.091 ** | 0.113 ** | 0.037 | −0.087 ** | 0.057 ** | ||
Grade | - | −0.032 | 0.107 ** | 0.285 ** | −0.026 | |||
SES | - | 0.069 ** | −0.156 ** | −0.016 | ||||
School | - | 0.010 | 0.023 | |||||
BMI | - | 0.058 ** | ||||||
Gender | - |
AA | PA | Intention | Grade | SES | School | BMI | Gender | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA | - | −0.015 | −0.018 | −0.002 | 0.178 ** | 0.306 ** | −0.082 | −0.048 |
PA | - | 0.422 ** | −0.043 | 0.187 ** | 0.140 ** | −0.090 | 0.224 ** | |
Intention | - | −0.041 | 0.167 ** | 0.135 ** | −0.073 | 0.113 ** | ||
School | - | −0.022 | −0.037 | 0.001 | 0.000 | |||
SES | - | 0.389 ** | −0.044 | 0.082 | ||||
Center | - | −0.046 | 0.058 | |||||
BMI | - | 0.43 | ||||||
Gender | - |
Sample | Variable | Spain | Chile | F | p | η2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample | Academic achievement | 68.30 (14.10) a | 56.99 (7.41) a | 247.149 | <0.001 | 0.118 |
Intention | 4.08 (0.85) a | 3.78 (0.95) a | 38.321 | <0.001 | 0.020 | |
PA | 52.20 (52.55) a | 41.14 (44.38) a | 15.233 | <0.001 | 0.008 | |
SES | 6.43 (1.63) a | 5.39 (2.07) a | 116.243 | <0.001 | 0.059 | |
BMI | 20.29 (3.21) | 21.28 (3.55) | 29.072 | <0.001 | 0.016 | |
Male gender | Academic achievement | 66.92 (13.97) a | 56.96 (7.54) a | 91.842 | <0.001 | 0.091 |
Intention | 4.14 (0.83) a | 3.88 (0.94) a | 14.840 | <0.001 | 0.016 | |
PA | 58.60 (53.66) c | 50.50 (53.40) c | 3.509 | >0.05 | 0.004 | |
SES | 6.38 (1.68) a | 5.52 (2.09) a | 35.940 | <0.001 | 0.038 | |
BMI | 20.57 (3.53) | 20.92 (3.44) | 1.569 | >0.05 | 0.002 | |
Female gender | Academic achievement | 69.73 (14.10) a | 57.01 (7.31) a | 165.287 | <0.001 | 0.151 |
Intention | 4.02 (0.87) a | 3.69 (0.96) a | 22.322 | <0.001 | 0.024 | |
PA | 45.66 (50.63) c | 32.85 (32.42) c | 12.486 | <0.001 | 0.013 | |
SES | 6.49 (1.58) a | 5.27 (2.04) a | 85.995 | <0.001 | 0.085 | |
BMI | 20.01(2.82) | 21.60(3.63) | 46.024 | <0.001 | 0.047 |
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Gallardo, L.O.; Esteban-Torres, D.; Rodríguez-Muñoz, S.; Moreno-Doña, A.; Abarca-Sos, A. Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents. Behav. Sci. 2023, 13, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030238
Gallardo LO, Esteban-Torres D, Rodríguez-Muñoz S, Moreno-Doña A, Abarca-Sos A. Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents. Behavioral Sciences. 2023; 13(3):238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030238
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallardo, Laura O., Diego Esteban-Torres, Sheila Rodríguez-Muñoz, Alberto Moreno-Doña, and Alberto Abarca-Sos. 2023. "Is There Any Relationship between Physical Activity Levels and Academic Achievement? A Cross-Cultural Study among Spanish and Chilean Adolescents" Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 3: 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030238