Motor Coordination Disorders Evaluated through the Grid Test and Changes in the Nigral Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Rats with Pedunculopontine Lesion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Subjects
2.2. Surgical Procedure
2.3. Evaluation of Motor Coordination
2.4. Experimental Set
- (a)
- Total number of failures committed by the limbs on each side,
- (b)
- Number of failures made with each limb individually,
- (c)
- Time delayed to the first failure.
2.5. Molecular Biology Studies
2.6. RT-PCR Analysis for Gene Expression of Nrf2
2.7. Morphological Studies
2.8. Immunohistochemistry
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Evaluation of Motor Coordination through Grid Test
3.1.1. Motor Coordination Seven Days after PPN Lesion
3.1.2. Motor Coordination 30 Days after PPN Lesion
3.2. Molecular Biology Results
3.3. Morphological Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Neurotoxic PPN Injury Affects Motor Coordination during Ambulation over a Discontinuous and Elevated Horizontal Support Surface
4.2. Neurotoxic PPN Injury Modifies Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Nigral Tissue
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Non-Treated Rats | PPN Lesioned Rats | Sham-Operated Rats | Statistic |
Time delayed before the first fault | 11.90 ± 3.26 | 5.01 ± 1.10 | 11.37 ± 3.13 | (F(2, 35) = 2.10 p > 0.05) |
Experimental Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Non-Treated Rats | PPN Lesioned Rats | Sham-Operated Rats | Statistic |
Time delayed before the first fault | 17.45 ± 5.26 | 7.34 ± 2.05 | 14.45 ± 4.44 | (F(2,30) = 1.70 p > 0.05) |
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Blanco-Lezcano, L.; Alberti Amador, E.; González Fraguela, M.E.; Larrea, G.Z.L.d.; Pérez Serrano, R.M.; Jiménez Luna, N.A.; Camejo Rodríguez, D.; Serrano Sánchez, T.; Francis Turner, L.; Estupiñán Díaz, B.; et al. Motor Coordination Disorders Evaluated through the Grid Test and Changes in the Nigral Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Rats with Pedunculopontine Lesion. Behav. Sci. 2020, 10, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10100156
Blanco-Lezcano L, Alberti Amador E, González Fraguela ME, Larrea GZLd, Pérez Serrano RM, Jiménez Luna NA, Camejo Rodríguez D, Serrano Sánchez T, Francis Turner L, Estupiñán Díaz B, et al. Motor Coordination Disorders Evaluated through the Grid Test and Changes in the Nigral Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Rats with Pedunculopontine Lesion. Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 10(10):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10100156
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlanco-Lezcano, Lisette, Esteban Alberti Amador, María Elena González Fraguela, Guadalupe Zaldívar Lelo de Larrea, Rosa Martha Pérez Serrano, Nadia Angélica Jiménez Luna, Dianet Camejo Rodríguez, Teresa Serrano Sánchez, Liliana Francis Turner, Bárbara Estupiñán Díaz, and et al. 2020. "Motor Coordination Disorders Evaluated through the Grid Test and Changes in the Nigral Nrf2 mRNA Expression in Rats with Pedunculopontine Lesion" Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 10: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10100156