The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Eligibility Criteria
2.2. Search Strategy and Criteria
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Adipokines
3.2. Sample/Tissue
3.3. Species
3.3.1. Human Studies
3.3.2. Animal Studies
4. Discussion
4.1. Presence of Adipokine and Adipokine-Receptors in Intervertebral Discs
4.2. Effects of Adipokine Treatment on Cellular Proteome
4.3. Adipokine Pathways/Signaling
4.4. Adipokine in Other Fibrocartilaginous Diseases
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Year | Study Design | Key Findings | Species | Sample |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ding et al. [28] | 2013 | MAPK pathway analyzed using PCR, Western blot and IHC. | p38 and ERK1/2 signalling plays a distinct role in leptin-induced AF cells terminal differentiation. | Rat | AF |
Gruber et al. [29] | 2007 | Disc tissue from n = 7 young (normal); n = 29 adults (degenerative) examined. | Leptin and its receptor are present in human annulus cells. | Human | AF |
Khabour et al. [30] | 2014 | n = 168 LDD patients and n = 122 healthy controls were genotyped for rs266729 and rs2241766 SNPs and measured for plasma levels of adiponectin. | Adiponectin was elevated in patients with LDD. However, SNPs in the ADIPOQ gene were not associated with LDD. | Human | Plasma |
Koerner et al. [31] | 2014 | Degenerative (n = 7) and normal disc tissue (n = 2) was separated into anterior and posterior AF. Expression levels of 42 cytokines were determined and compared between anterior vs. posterior AF. | The posterior AF expressed increased levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, M-CSF, TNF-β, EGF, IGF 1, angiogenin and leptin compared with the anterior AF in patients with degenerative discs. | Human | AF |
Li et al. [32] | 2014 | NP cells isolated from n = 7 patients, treated with leptin. RhoA signalling in NP cells was determined. Protein expression of LIMK1 and cofilin-2 was analyzed. F-actin cytoskeletal reorganization was assessed. | Leptin activated the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK/cofilin-2 cascade to induce cytoskeleton reorganization in NP cells. | Human | NP |
Li et al. [33] | 2012 | Effects of leptin on the proliferation of primary cultured human NP cells (n = 8) and the underlying mechanism. | Leptin induced human NP cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression via activation of JAK/STAT3, PI3K/Akt or MEK/ERK signaling. | Human | NP |
Li et al. [34] | 2013 | Do NP tissues and cells express leptin receptors (OBRa and OBRb) and whether leptin affects the organization and expression of major cytoskeletal elements in NP cells (n = 45). | mRNA and proteins of OBRa and OBRb were expressed in all NP tissues and cells, and OBRb expression was correlated with body weight. Increased expression of beta-actin, vimentin and reorganization of F-actin were evident in leptin-stimulated NP cells. | Human | NP |
Li et al. [35] | 2014 | Effects of leptin on the expression of aggrecan and ADAMTSs in primary human NP cells (n = 4). | Leptin induced p38 to upregulate ADAMTSs and thereby promoting aggrecan degradation in human NP cells. | Human | NP |
Li et al. [42] | 2017 | Resistin and CCL4 expression measured in degenerated human NP tissue. TLR-4, p38-MAPK, and NF-kappaβ signaling pathways studied. | Expression of resistin and CCL4 was elevated in degenerated NP tissue. Resistin via TLR4 receptor increased the expression of CCL4 through p38-MAPK and NF-kappaβ signaling pathways. | Human | NP |
Liu et al. [41] | 2016 | Transcriptional activity, gene expression, and protein levels of ADAMTS-5 were measured in resistin-exposed NP cells along with detection of activation of p38 MAPK. | p38-MAPK signaling pathway was activated after exposure to resistin. p38 inhibitor decreased the upregulation of ADAMTS-5 by resistin. | Rat | NP |
Miao et al. [36] | 2015 | Effects of leptin on the expression of degeneration-associated genes in n = 30 rat NP cells, and its possible mechanism. | Leptin promoted catabolic metabolism in the rat NP cells via the MAPK and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. | Rat | NP |
Terashima et al. [40] | 2016 | Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were detected in disc tissue (n = 4, Humans) and (n = 21, Rats). IL-1beta and/or adiponectin-treated rat NP and AF tissues were evaluated for mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6. | AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were widely expressed in both human and rat IVD tissues, were inversely related to disease severity. TNF-alpha expression in the IL-1beta + Ad group was significantly lower than that in the IL-1beta group in both NP and AF cells. | Human, Rat | NP, AF |
Yuan et al. [39] | 2018 | Examined the expression levels of and effect of adiponectin on TNF-alpha in IVD tissues and isolated NP cells. | Adiponectin levels were downregulated, while AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression was upregulated in degenerated IVD tissues and NP cells compared to healthy controls. TNF-alpha production by degenerated NP cells was downregulated by adiponectin administration. | Human | NP |
Zhang et al. [38] | 2018 | Human degenerative NP cells were extracted and cultured, then treated with leptin, leptin inhibitor and leptin neutralizing antibody and expressions of LC3 II/I, Beclin-1 were studied and change of apoptosis rate was detected. Leptin/bafilomycin A and (PI3K)/(MEK) inhibitor-treated cells were used to detect the expressions of LC3II/I, cleaved caspase 3, apoptosis rate, Akt and Erk1/2 signal pathway. | Leptin-treated cells showed increased expressions of LC3II/I and Beclin-1 and decreased apoptosis rate. Leptin inhibitor or neutralizing antibody showed the opposite results. Bafilomycin A increased the expression of LC3II/I and apoptosis rate. Inhibition of Akt phosphorylation was partially offset by leptin while inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation was not. | Human | NP |
Zhao et al. [37] | 2008 | Determined the expression of leptin and its functional receptor in human herniated disc tissues (n = 45), and to elucidate whether leptin can stimulate rat NP cells to proliferate in vitro. | Disc cells express leptin and its functional receptor. Leptin stimulated proliferation of disc cells in vitro. | Human, Rat | NP |
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Sharma, A. The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Med. Sci. 2018, 6, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020034
Sharma A. The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(2):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020034
Chicago/Turabian StyleSharma, Anirudh. 2018. "The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration" Medical Sciences 6, no. 2: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020034
APA StyleSharma, A. (2018). The Role of Adipokines in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Medical Sciences, 6(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci6020034