Comprehensive Geriatric Care in Older Adults: Walking Ability after an Acute Fracture
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Patients and Measures
2.2. Assessment of Walking Ability (Timed Up and Go Test, TuG)
2.3. Statistical Analyses
2.4. Ethical Approval
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CGC | Comprehensive Geriatric Care |
TuG | Timed Up and Go test |
IQR | interquartile range |
MMSE | Mini-Mental State Evaluation |
References
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Total Group (n = 1099) | Fractures (n = 300) | No Fractures (n = 799) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR, years) | 83.1 (79.0–87.8) | 85.6 (81.1–89.6) | 82.4 (78.3–86.9) | 0.001 |
Age ≥ 80 years | 754 (68.6%) | 239 (79.7%) | 515 (64.5%) | 0.001 |
Sex | ||||
Female | 704 (64.1%) | 219 (73.0%) | 485 (60.7%) | 0.001 |
Male | 395 (35.9%) | 81 (27.0%) | 314 (39.3%) | |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 853 (77.6%) | 246 (82.0%) | 607(76.0%) | 0.035 |
Diabetes mellitus | 337 (30.7%) | 69 (23.0%) | 268 (33.5%) | 0.001 |
Heart failure | 258 (23.5%) | 66 (22.0%) | 192 (24.0%) | 0.523 |
Renal insufficiency | 382 (34.8%) | 86 (28.7%) | 296 (37.0%) | 0.010 |
Coronary heart disease | 281 (25.6%) | 61 (20.3%) | 220 (27.5%) | 0.016 |
Peripheral artery disease | 59 (5.4%) | 9 (3.0%) | 50 (6.3%) | 0.035 |
Atrial fibrillation | 388 (35.3%) | 93 (31.0%) | 295 (36.9%) | 0.076 |
Chronic pulmonary artery disease | 108 (9.8%) | 18 (6.0%) | 90 (11.3%) | 0.009 |
Dementia | 226 (20.6%) | 78 (26.0%) | 148 (18.5%) | 0.007 |
Parkinson’s disease | 62 (5.6%) | 18 (6.0%) | 44 (5.5%) | 0.770 |
Previous stroke | 90 (8.2%) | 30 (10.0%) | 60 (7.5%) | 0.177 |
Osteoporosis | 127 (11.6%) | 54 (18.0%) | 73 (9.1%) | 0.001 |
Vitamin B deficiency ǁ | 484 (%) | 151 (50.3%) | 333 (41.7%) | 0.012 |
Short-term adverse events while hospitalized | ||||
Diffuse Pain | 294 (26.8%) | 97 (32.3%) | 197 (24.7%) | 0.012 |
Delirium | 58 (5.3%) | 14 (4.7%) | 44 (5.5%) | 0.651 |
Pneumonia | 64 (6.1%) | 15 (5.0%) | 49 (6.1%) | 0.564 |
Urinary tract infection | 161 (14.3%) | 47 (15.7%) | 114 (14.6%) | 0.566 |
Dizziness | 82 (7.5%) | 15 (5.0%) | 67 (8.4%) | 0.070 |
Deep vein thrombosis | 5 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.999 |
Pulmonary emboli | 5 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.999 |
Electrolyte imbalance | 410 (39.0%) | 98 (32.7%) | 312 (37.3%) | 0.059 |
Hypokalemia | 103 (9.4%) | 26 (8.7%) | 77 (9.6%) | 0.728 |
Hyponatremia | 354 (32.2%) | 82 (27.3%) | 272 (34.0%) | 0.036 |
Functional assessment on admission | ||||
Barthel Index (median, IQR) | 45 (30–60) | 40 (30–50) | 45 (30–60) | 0.001 |
Tinetti Geriatric Assessment (median, IQR) | 11 (12–16) | 8 (1–14) | 12 (4–17) | 0.001 |
Geriatric Depression Scale (median, IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–6) | 0.844 |
Geriatric Depression Scale > 5 | 302 (27.7%) | 83 (27.8%) | 219 (27.6%) | 0.999 |
Timed Up and Go (median, IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.001 |
MMSE (median, IQR) (n = 812) | 26 (21–28) | 25 (19–28) | 26 (21–28) | 0.282 |
Patients deceased during hospitalization | 36 (3.3%) | 6 (2.0%) | 30 (3.8%) | 0.183 |
Functional assessment on discharge | n = 1000 | n = 284 | n = 716 | |
Barthel Index (median, IQR) | 60 (40–80) | 55 (40–75) | 60 (45–80) | 0.030 |
Tinetti Geriatric Assessment (median, IQR) | 16 (6–20) | 14 (8–19) | 16 (9–21) | 0.006 |
Timed Up and Go (median, IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 0.001 |
Timed Up and Go improvement | 483 (48.3%) | 154 (54.2%) | 329 (45.9%) | 0.021 |
Discharging modus | n = 1063 | n = 294 | n = 769 | |
Regular discharge ‡ | 1041 (97.9%) | 291 (99%) | 750 (97.5%) | 0.156 |
Referral to other department | 22 (2.1%) | 3 (1.0%) | 19 (2.5%) | 0.156 |
Length of hospital stay for patients with CGC ¥ (median, IQR, days) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 16 (16–19) | 0.014 |
Total Group (n = 284) | Improvement in Walking Ability (n = 154) | No Improvement in Walking Ability (n = 130) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR, years) | 85.6 (81.1–89.9) | 84.9 (81.1–89.4) | 86.4 (81.2–90.7) | 0.250 |
Age ≥ 80 years | 228 (80.3%) | 124 (80.5%) | 104 (80.0%) | 0.999 |
Sex | ||||
Female | 210 (73.9%) | 113 (73.4%) | 97 (74.6%) | 0.892 |
Male | 74 (26.1%) | 41 (26.6%) | 33 (25.4%) | |
Co-morbidities | ||||
Hypertension | 231 (81.3%) | 123 (79.9%) | 108 (83.1%) | 0.534 |
Diabetes mellitus | 66 (23.2%) | 33 (21.4%) | 33 (25.4%) | 0.482 |
Heart failure | 60 (21.1%) | 32 (20.8%) | 28 (21.5%) | 0.885 |
Renal insufficiency | 82 (28.9%) | 47 (30.5%) | 35 (26.9%) | 0.515 |
Coronary heart disease | 56 (19.7%) | 31 (20.1%) | 25 (19.2%) | 0.882 |
Peripheral artery disease | 9 (3.2%) | 5 (3.2%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0.999 |
Atrial fibrillation | 87 (30.6%) | 47 (30.5%) | 40 (30.8%) | 0.999 |
Chronic pulmonary artery disease | 16 (5.6%) | 8 (5.2%) | 8 (6.2%) | 0.799 |
Dementia | 74 (26.1%) | 33 (21.4%) | 41 (31.5%) | 0.058 |
Parkinson’s disease | 18 (6.3%) | 8 (5.2%) | 10 (7.7%) | 0.467 |
Previous stroke | 27 (9.5%) | 12 (7.8%) | 15 (11.5%) | 0.314 |
Osteoporosis | 53 (18.7%) | 35 (22.7%) | 18 (13.8%) | 0.067 |
Vitamin B deficiency ǁ | 144 (50.7%) | 75 (48.7%) | 69 (53.1%) | 0.477 |
Short-term adverse events while hospitalized | ||||
Diffuse pain | 91 (32.0%) | 49 (31.8%) | 42 (32.3%) | 0.999 |
Delirium | 14 (4.9%) | 7 (4.5%) | 7 (5.4%) | 0.789 |
Pneumonia | 11 (3.9%) | 5 (3.2%) | 6 (4.6%) | 0.557 |
Urinary tract infection | 45 (15.8%) | 25 (16.2%) | 20 (15.4%) | 0.872 |
Dizziness | 14 (4.9%) | 10 (6.5%) | 4 (3.1%) | 0.272 |
Deep vein thrombosis | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.458 |
Pulmonary emboli | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.458 |
Electrolyte imbalance | 91 (32.0%) | 50 (32.5%) | 41 (31.5%) | 0.899 |
Hypokalemia | 25 (8.8%) | 16 (10.4%) | 9 (6.9%) | 0.401 |
Hyponatremia | 75 (26.4%) | 41 (26.6%) | 34 (26.2%) | 0.999 |
Functional assessment on admission | ||||
Barthel index (median, IQR) | 40 (30–50) | 45 (35–55) | 35 (20–50) | 0.001 |
Tinetti on admission (median, IQR) | 8 (1–14) | 9 (4–14.25) | 5 (0–13) | 0.001 |
Geriatric depression scale (median, IQR) | 3 (1–6) | 4 (1.75–6) | 3 (0–6) | 0.134 |
Geriatric depression scale >5 | 77 (27.1%) | 42 (27.3%) | 35 (26.9%) | 0.999 |
Timed up and go (median, IQR) | 5 (3–5) | 5 (4–5) | 5 (3–5) | 0.151 |
MMSE (median, IQR) (n = 226) | 25 (19–28) | 26 (19–28) | 25 (19–28) | 0.779 |
Length of hospital stay for CGC ¥ (median, IQR, days) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 17 (16–19) | 0.895 |
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Niemöller, U.; Arnold, A.; Stein, T.; Juenemann, M.; Erkapic, D.; Rosenbauer, J.; Kostev, K.; Meyer, M.; Tanislav, C. Comprehensive Geriatric Care in Older Adults: Walking Ability after an Acute Fracture. Med. Sci. 2023, 11, 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11020040
Niemöller U, Arnold A, Stein T, Juenemann M, Erkapic D, Rosenbauer J, Kostev K, Meyer M, Tanislav C. Comprehensive Geriatric Care in Older Adults: Walking Ability after an Acute Fracture. Medical Sciences. 2023; 11(2):40. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11020040
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiemöller, Ulrich, Andreas Arnold, Thomas Stein, Martin Juenemann, Damir Erkapic, Josef Rosenbauer, Karel Kostev, Marco Meyer, and Christian Tanislav. 2023. "Comprehensive Geriatric Care in Older Adults: Walking Ability after an Acute Fracture" Medical Sciences 11, no. 2: 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11020040
APA StyleNiemöller, U., Arnold, A., Stein, T., Juenemann, M., Erkapic, D., Rosenbauer, J., Kostev, K., Meyer, M., & Tanislav, C. (2023). Comprehensive Geriatric Care in Older Adults: Walking Ability after an Acute Fracture. Medical Sciences, 11(2), 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11020040