The Usage of Concomitant Beta-Blockers with Vasopressors and Inotropes in Cardiogenic Shock
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N (%) or Mean ± SD | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 224) | BB Group (n = 143) | No BB Group (n = 84) | |||
Age on Admission (years) | 65.4 ± 15.1 | 61.7 ± 13.2 | 68.6 ± 12.1 | <0.001 * | |
Gender | Males | 150 (66.1%) | 94 (65.7%) | 56 (66.7%) | 0.886 |
Females | 77 (33.9%) | 49 (34.3%) | 28 (33.3%) | 0.886 | |
Race/Ethnicity | Hispanic | 93 (41.0%) | 56 (39.2%) | 32 (38.1%) | 0.873 |
White | 82 (36.1%) | 51 (35.7%) | 31 (36.9%) | 0.849 | |
Black | 28 (12.3%) | 14 (9.8%) | 9 (10.7%) | 0.826 | |
Other | 24 (10.6%) | 22 (15.4%) | 12 (14.3%) | 0.826 | |
Reason for Admission | ADHF | 107 (47.8%) | 67 (46.9%) | 40 (47.6%) | 0.912 |
ACS | 77 (34.4%) | 64 (44.8%) | 13 (15.5%) | <0.001 * | |
Other | 40 (17.9%) | 21 (14.7%) | 19 (22.6%) | 0.131 | |
Heart Failure Etiology | Ischemic | 121 (53.3%) | 75 (52.4%) | 46 (54.8%) | 0.738 |
Non-Ischemic | 89 (39.2%) | 55 (38.5%) | 34 (40.5%) | 0.764 | |
Combined | 17 (7.5%) | 13 (9.1%) | 4 (4.8%) | 0.23 | |
LVEF (%) on Admission | 26 ± 14.9 | 22 ± 15.7 | 31 ± 17.9 | <0.001 * | |
Labs on Admission | SCr (mg/dL) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | 0.411 |
AST (units/L) | 88.9 ± 42.7 | 87.2 ± 44.8 | 88.4 ± 38.9 | 0.832 | |
ALT (units/L) | 90.1 ± 45.6 | 89.1 ± 45.6 | 91.2 ± 59.8 | 0.782 | |
T. bili (mg/dL) | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 8.5 | 2.2 ± 9.4 | 0.936 | |
Serum Lactate (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 3.2 | 5.9 ± 2.2 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 0.604 | |
Co-morbid Conditions | Hypertension | 153 (67.4%) | 96 (67.1%) | 57 (67.9%) | 0.911 |
CAD | 130 (57.3%) | 102 (71.3%) | 28 (33.3%) | <0.001 * | |
Diabetes Mellitus | 107 (47.1%) | 64 (44.8%) | 43 (51.2%) | 0.347 | |
AF | 90 (39.6%) | 64 (44.8%) | 26 (31%) | 0.04 * | |
Valvular Disease | 72 (31.7%) | 44 (30.8%) | 28 (33.3%) | 0.689 | |
Asthma/COPD | 42 (18.9%) | 27 (18.9%) | 15 (17.9%) | 0.849 | |
History of VTE | 31 (13.7%) | 18 (12.6%) | 13 (15.5%) | 0.54 | |
Meth use (current/previous) | 30 (13.3%) | 15 (10.5%) | 15 (17.9%) | 0.114 | |
OSA | 17 (7.5%) | 11 (7.7%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.881 | |
ESRD | 10 (4.4%) | 4 (2.8%) | 6 (7.1%) | 0.124 | |
Hospital Length of Stay (days) | 8.4 ± 9.6 | 8.5 ± 6.6 | 8.4 ± 5.9 | 0.906 | |
In-hospital Mortality | 42 (18.5%) | 9 (6.3%) | 33 (39.3%) | <0.001 * | |
OHT among Survivors (n = 185) | 5 (2.7%) | 3 (2.1%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0.889 |
Variable | Mean ± SD | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
BB Group (n = 143) | No BB Group (n = 84) | ||
HR when V/I started (bpm) | 90.04 ± 18.49 | 82.11 ± 18.72 | 0.002 * |
Systolic BP when V/I started (mmHg) | 84.01 ± 18.52 | 82.2 ± 19.29 | 0.49 |
Diastolic BP when V/I started (mmHg) | 54.32 ± 17.23 | 52.14 ± 13.16 | 0.285 |
HR on maximum V/I (bpm) | 90.15 ± 20.11 | 98.40 ± 18.32 | 0.002 * |
Systolic BP on maximum V/I (mmHg) | 99.33 ± 19.43 | 110.82 ± 19.79 | <0.001 * |
Diastolic BP on maximum V/I (mmHg) | 64.94 ± 15.92 | 69.41 ± 15.15 | 0.041 * |
HR on discharge/death (bpm) | 62.14 ± 28.84 | 59.23 ± 32.14 | 0.495 |
Systolic BP on discharge/death (mmHg) | 78.38 ± 32.48 | 74.89 ± 52.11 | 0.58 |
Diastolic BP on discharge/death (mmHg) | 45.93 ± 21.88 | 47.61 ± 33.01 | 0.678 |
Risk Factor | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65 years | 2.32 (0.82–3.38) | 0.056 |
Reason for admission: ADHF | 1.89 (0.87–2.24) | 0.068 |
Reason for admission: ACS | 1.42 (0.94–2.43) | 0.051 |
LVEF on admission ≤25% | 1.81 (0.72–3.4) | 0.065 |
Co-morbid condition: CAD | 1.5 (0.97–2.12) | 0.068 |
Co-morbid condition: AF | 1.25 (0.7–2.1) | 0.432 |
HR when V/I started ≤85 bpm | 5.23 (0.98–11.21) | 0.871 |
HR on maximum V/I ≥95 bpm | 4.87 (0.87–8.14) | 0.951 |
BB use | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.052 |
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Ryu, R.; Hauschild, C.; Bahjri, K.; Tran, H. The Usage of Concomitant Beta-Blockers with Vasopressors and Inotropes in Cardiogenic Shock. Med. Sci. 2022, 10, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10040064
Ryu R, Hauschild C, Bahjri K, Tran H. The Usage of Concomitant Beta-Blockers with Vasopressors and Inotropes in Cardiogenic Shock. Medical Sciences. 2022; 10(4):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10040064
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Rachel, Christopher Hauschild, Khaled Bahjri, and Huyentran Tran. 2022. "The Usage of Concomitant Beta-Blockers with Vasopressors and Inotropes in Cardiogenic Shock" Medical Sciences 10, no. 4: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10040064
APA StyleRyu, R., Hauschild, C., Bahjri, K., & Tran, H. (2022). The Usage of Concomitant Beta-Blockers with Vasopressors and Inotropes in Cardiogenic Shock. Medical Sciences, 10(4), 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10040064