Preliminary Investigation into Plasmodium-like Piroplasms (Babesia/Theileria) among Cattle, Dogs and Humans in A Malaria-Endemic, Resource-Limited Sub-Saharan African City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sites and Blood Samples Collection
2.2. Laboratory Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microscopic Suspicion of Babesia/Theileria in Cattle, Dogs and Humans
3.2. Molecular Detection of Babesia/Theileria in Cattle, Dogs and Humans
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Abbreviations
References
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Primer Code (Name) | Oligonucleotide Sequence | Used for Detection of (Piroplasms) | Target Gene or Region | Size | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bab5/ Bab8 | AATTACCCAATCCTGACACAGG TTTCGCAGTAGTTCGTCTTTAACA | Most Babesia/Theleria spp. (including B. microti, B. divergens and T. annae) | 18S rRNA | about 400 bp | [3,22] |
Bab6/ Bab7 | GACACAGGGAGGTAGTGACAAGA CCCAACTGCTCCTATTAACCATTAC | ||||
BoF/ BoR | CACGAGGAAGGAACTACCGATGTTGA CCAAGGAGCTTCAACGTACGAGGTCA | B. bovis | rap-1 | 354 bp | [25] |
ND | GTTTCTGMCCCATCAGCTTGAC CAATATTAACACCACGCAAAAATTC | Bovine Babesia spp. (including B. divergens) | 18S rRNA | 422–440 bp | [23] |
BcW-A/ BcW-B | CATCTAAGGAAGGCAGCAGG TTAATGGAAACGTCCTTGGC | B. canis | 18S rRNA | 500 bp | [24] |
Primers | Denaturation | Annealing | Extension | Cycles | Fragment Size |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
B. divergens | 94 °C (30 s) | 61 °C (30 s) | 72 °C (45 s) | 35 | 353 bp |
B canis | 94 °C (2 min) | 60 °C (30 s) | 72 °C (30 s) | 35 | 509 bp |
B. bovis | 94 °C (30 s) | 63 °C (30 s) | 72 °C (1 min) | 35 | 350 bp |
Host | N | “Suspected” Based on Microscopy n (%) | Amplification of “Suspected” by PCR, n (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babesia/Theileria# N * n * | B. bovis # N * n * | B. divergens # N * n * | B. canis # N * n * | |||
Cattle | 30 | 10 (33) | 9 (30) 9 (90) | 0 (0) 0 (0) | 0(0) 0 (0) | NS NS |
Dogs | 33 | 3 (9) | 0 (0) 0 (0) | NS NS | NS NS | 1 (3) 1 (33) |
Humans | 150 | 6 (4) | 0 (0) 0 (0) | 0 (0) 0 (0) | 0 (0) 0(0) | 0 (0) 0 (0) |
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Ayeh-Kumi, P.F.; Owusu, I.A.; Tetteh-Quarcoo, P.B.; Dayie, N.T.K.D.; Adutwum-Ofosu, K.K.; Amponsah, S.K.; Udofia, E.A.; Afutu, E.; Attah, S.K.; Armah, R.; et al. Preliminary Investigation into Plasmodium-like Piroplasms (Babesia/Theileria) among Cattle, Dogs and Humans in A Malaria-Endemic, Resource-Limited Sub-Saharan African City. Med. Sci. 2022, 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10010010
Ayeh-Kumi PF, Owusu IA, Tetteh-Quarcoo PB, Dayie NTKD, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Amponsah SK, Udofia EA, Afutu E, Attah SK, Armah R, et al. Preliminary Investigation into Plasmodium-like Piroplasms (Babesia/Theileria) among Cattle, Dogs and Humans in A Malaria-Endemic, Resource-Limited Sub-Saharan African City. Medical Sciences. 2022; 10(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyeh-Kumi, Patrick F., Irene A. Owusu, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, Nicholas T. K. D. Dayie, Kevin Kofi Adutwum-Ofosu, Seth K. Amponsah, Emilia A. Udofia, Emmanuel Afutu, Simon K. Attah, Robert Armah, and et al. 2022. "Preliminary Investigation into Plasmodium-like Piroplasms (Babesia/Theileria) among Cattle, Dogs and Humans in A Malaria-Endemic, Resource-Limited Sub-Saharan African City" Medical Sciences 10, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci10010010