Garnet Geochemistry and Lu-Hf Geochronology of a Gold-Bearing Sillimanite-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss at the Borden Lake Belt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Context
2.1. The Kapuskasing Structural Zone
2.2. The Borden Lake Belt
2.3. The Borden Gold Deposit
2.4. Sequence of Polymetamorphism
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Polished Thin Section Analysis
3.2. Compositional Analysis Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.3. In Situ Trace Element Analysis by LA-ICPMS
3.4. Whole-Rock Analysis of Fused Beads by ICP-OES
3.5. 176Lu-176Hf Geochronology and REE Composition of FD01340 Garnet and Whole-Rock Fractions
4. Results
4.1. Garnet Composition
4.2. Whole-Rock Elemental Analysis
4.3. Lu-Hf Radiometric Dating of Garnet
5. Discussion
5.1. Metamorphism
5.2. Lithology
5.3. Geochronology
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grt Core 1 | Grt Core 2 | Grt Core 3 | Grt Rim 1 | Grt Rim 2 | Grt Rim 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oxide (wt%) | ||||||
MgO | 2.58 | 3.47 | 3.93 | 3.24 | 2.28 | 2.94 |
Al2O3 | 20.7 | 21.3 | 20.7 | 20.9 | 20.8 | 21.2 |
SiO2 | 35.7 | 37.7 | 36.5 | 37.3 | 36.5 | 37.0 |
CaO | 1.18 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.23 | 0.81 | 1.15 |
MnO | 6.74 | 6.18 | 6.33 | 7.47 | 8.42 | 7.41 |
FeO | 33.61 | 30.2 | 30.0 | 29.4 | 31.0 | 29.8 |
Total | 100.5 | 100.0 | 98.6 | 99.5 | 99.9 | 99.6 |
Cations per formula unit | ||||||
Mg | 0.31 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.35 |
Al | 1.99 | 2.01 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 2.00 | 2.02 |
Si | 2.91 | 3.02 | 2.98 | 3.01 | 2.98 | 2.98 |
Ca | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
Mn | 0.47 | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.58 | 0.51 |
Fe | 2.30 | 2.02 | 2.05 | 1.99 | 2.12 | 2.01 |
Mg/Fe | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
End-member proportions | ||||||
Almandine | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.67 |
Spessartine | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.17 |
Pyrope | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
Grossular | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Andradite | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
% | % | % | % | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | µg/g | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garnet Spot | Mg | Al | Ca | Fe | Na | Ti | Y | Zr | Mo | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf |
1-1 | 2.2 | 10.9 | 0.63 | 22.5 | 60.4 | 13.6 | 124 | 1.3 | 0.48 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 20.4 | 5.0 | 15.3 | 2.0 | 13 | 1.5 | 0.04 |
1-2 | 2.6 | 10.6 | 0.61 | 21.7 | 77.2 | 15.0 | 72 | 3.3 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 5.5 | 2.4 | 20.3 | 3.1 | 5.6 | 0.49 | 2.3 | 0.22 | 0.06 |
1-3 | 2.6 | 10.4 | 0.61 | 21.3 | 67.1 | 15.7 | 62 | 4.5 | 0.38 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 17.8 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 0.36 | 1.8 | 0.19 | 0.10 |
1-4 | 2.6 | 10.4 | 0.62 | 21.1 | 61.3 | 16.6 | 125 | 3.9 | 0.46 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 26.6 | 5.3 | 11.2 | 0.93 | 4.5 | 0.42 | 0.08 |
1-5 | 2.6 | 10.3 | 0.61 | 20.9 | 62.2 | 13.8 | 132 | 1.6 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 4.0 | 2.1 | 24.7 | 5.2 | 12.5 | 1.4 | 7.5 | 0.82 | 0.03 |
1-6 | 2.5 | 10.3 | 0.61 | 21.0 | 58.6 | 14.3 | 120 | 2.7 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 23.5 | 5.0 | 11.4 | 1.2 | 5.7 | 0.59 | 0.06 |
1-7 | 2.3 | 10.3 | 0.62 | 21.4 | 85.8 | 12.4 | 64 | 4.5 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 14.3 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 0.40 | 1.9 | 0.16 | 0.09 |
2-1 | 2.1 | 9.8 | 0.66 | 20.3 | 60.8 | 12.5 | 103 | 2.1 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 16 | 3.1 | 7.4 | 0.93 | 5.5 | 0.59 | 0.05 |
2-2 | 2.4 | 9.8 | 0.60 | 20.2 | 69.2 | 15.7 | 173 | 5.8 | 0.39 | 0.04 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 30.1 | 5.5 | 11.3 | 1.0 | 4.8 | 0.43 | 0.08 |
2-3 | 2.4 | 9.8 | 0.66 | 20.2 | 54.1 | 13.2 | 124 | 2.8 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 4.1 | 2.1 | 20.8 | 4.0 | 9.9 | 1.1 | 6.5 | 0.83 | 0.05 |
2-4 | 2.5 | 10.0 | 0.67 | 20.6 | 63.6 | 17.2 | 119 | 6.2 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.45 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 23.9 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 0.47 | 1.8 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
2-5 | 2.4 | 10.1 | 0.66 | 20.7 | 64.6 | 16.1 | 104 | 3.8 | 0.38 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 21.4 | 3.5 | 6.3 | 0.50 | 2.2 | 0.18 | 0.07 |
2-6 | 2.1 | 10.2 | 0.70 | 21.1 | 68.1 | 11.9 | 88 | 2.9 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.36 | 3.8 | 1.8 | 16.3 | 2.9 | 6.6 | 0.68 | 3.4 | 0.35 | 0.06 |
3-1 | 2.1 | 10.1 | 0.64 | 20.9 | 66.3 | 13.7 | 78 | 3.7 | 0.53 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 15.5 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 0.49 | 2.4 | 0.24 | 0.08 |
3-2 | 2.5 | 10.0 | 0.65 | 20.4 | 58.8 | 15.9 | 125 | 2.8 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 3.5 | 1.8 | 19.4 | 4.4 | 11.9 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 0.84 | 0.05 |
3-3 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 0.65 | 20.3 | 66.1 | 16.7 | 176 | 2.1 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 4.6 | 2.5 | 27.2 | 7.1 | 22.5 | 2.8 | 17 | 2.0 | 0.04 |
3-4 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 0.66 | 20.4 | 47.3 | 14.9 | 168 | 1.4 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 5.7 | 3.2 | 31.0 | 5.8 | 14.5 | 1.7 | 9.7 | 1.2 | 0.03 |
3-5 | 2.5 | 10.1 | 0.70 | 20.5 | 65.0 | 21.0 | 119 | 1.7 | 0.44 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 6.1 | 2.6 | 21.9 | 3.9 | 9.1 | 1.0 | 5.8 | 0.66 | 0.04 |
3-6 | 2.5 | 10.0 | 0.67 | 20.1 | 57.6 | 17.1 | 130 | 3.5 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 5.3 | 2.4 | 24.7 | 4.5 | 8.7 | 0.70 | 3.2 | 0.28 | 0.07 |
3-7 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 0.68 | 21.1 | 85.0 | 14.9 | 119 | 2.6 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 0.36 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 21.7 | 4.2 | 8.8 | 0.85 | 4.1 | 0.38 | 0.06 |
% error (2SD) | 1 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1 | 5 | 4.5 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 29 | 12 | 5 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 30 |
Elements | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ppm | 7.9 | 18 | 2.6 | 12 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 0.4 |
Selected ratios | Hf/Zr | Nb/Ta | Lu/Hf | Th/U | Rb/Sr | |||||||||
29 | 13 | 0.20 | 3.9 | 1.6 |
Dissolution Method | FD 01340 Sub-Samples | Weight (g) | Lu (ppm) | Hf (ppm) | 176Lu/177Hf | ±2SE | 176Hf/177Hf | ±2SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parr | whole-rock WR-Z-1 | 0.191 | 0.391 | 1.895 | 0.0293 | 0.0001 | 0.282690 | 0.000010 |
TT | whole-rock WR-WZ-2 | 0.151 | 0.351 | 0.747 | 0.0666 | 0.0001 | 0.284556 | 0.000008 |
TT | whole-rock WR-WZ-3 | 0.648 | 0.313 | 0.459 | 0.0968 | 0.0002 | 0.286075 | 0.000005 |
TT | garnet 1 | 0.102 | 2.048 | 0.733 | 0.3979 | 0.0008 | 0.301241 | 0.000007 |
TT | garnet 2 | 0.150 | 2.150 | 0.774 | 0.3952 | 0.0008 | 0.301089 | 0.000006 |
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LaFontaine, D.; Bouvier, A.; Hill, M.L. Garnet Geochemistry and Lu-Hf Geochronology of a Gold-Bearing Sillimanite-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss at the Borden Lake Belt. Geosciences 2022, 12, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050218
LaFontaine D, Bouvier A, Hill ML. Garnet Geochemistry and Lu-Hf Geochronology of a Gold-Bearing Sillimanite-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss at the Borden Lake Belt. Geosciences. 2022; 12(5):218. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050218
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaFontaine, Daniel, Audrey Bouvier, and Mary Louise Hill. 2022. "Garnet Geochemistry and Lu-Hf Geochronology of a Gold-Bearing Sillimanite-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss at the Borden Lake Belt" Geosciences 12, no. 5: 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12050218