Metal(loid)s Transport in Hydrographic Networks of Mining Basins: The Case of the La Carolina Mining District (Southeast Spain)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Evaluation of the Heavy Metal Content in Sediments
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Ag | As | Ba | Ca | Cd | Co | Cr | Cu | Fe | Mg | Mn | Ni | P | Pb | Sr | V | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Floodplain | |||||||||||||||||
G1 | 4.8 | 136 | 502 | 1453 | 1.9 | 18 | 12 | 101 | 24,453 | 1461 | 1990 | 24 | 488 | 4035 | 18 | 11 | 293 |
G2 | 6.4 | 84 | 987 | 1053 | 4.1 | 16 | 15 | 60 | 25,156 | 1283 | 2313 | 22 | 417 | 5294 | 25 | 17 | 481 |
G3 | 7.3 | 179 | 1248 | 762 | 1.6 | 15 | 11 | 340 | 26,640 | 1049 | 1062 | 18 | 482 | 6312 | 35 | 10 | 240 |
G4 | 8.1 | 178 | 2148 | 1685 | 5.0 | 31 | 16 | 432 | 31,229 | 1620 | 4492 | 46 | 568 | 7680 | 29 | 19 | 546 |
G5 | 7.2 | 157 | 1081 | 890 | 2.6 | 20 | 11 | 307 | 25,222 | 1061 | 1573 | 23 | 474 | 6558 | 50 | 10 | 329 |
G6 | 3.4 | 85 | 602 | 613 | 1.4 | 14 | 12 | 147 | 26,791 | 1477 | 933 | 24 | 461 | 3152 | 60 | 12 | 276 |
G7 | 4.4 | 98 | 1242 | 835 | 1.7 | 16 | 12 | 166 | 25,384 | 1392 | 1075 | 22 | 473 | 4828 | 55 | 12 | 263 |
G8 | 4.5 | 129 | 800 | 1510 | 4.7 | 15 | 15 | 68 | 26,592 | 2494 | 1093 | 32 | 536 | 4365 | 18 | 18 | 491 |
G9 | 9.2 | 143 | 6139 | 3225 | 5.1 | 13 | 13 | 99 | 24,682 | 2625 | 1038 | 27 | 558 | 13,585 | 67 | 16 | 504 |
G10 | 3.3 | 132 | 942 | 1096 | 3.0 | 12 | 11 | 72 | 23,880 | 2122 | 831 | 26 | 498 | 4674 | 18 | 12 | 501 |
G11 | 3.2 | 103 | 1036 | 2484 | 3.4 | 14 | 22 | 54 | 32,980 | 3248 | 894 | 31 | 643 | 3642 | 26 | 23 | 857 |
G12 | 2.6 | 84 | 577 | 1851 | 3.9 | 12 | 16 | 42 | 24,977 | 2879 | 760 | 26 | 565 | 3894 | 13 | 17 | 619 |
G13 | 3.1 | 126 | 1345 | 2690 | 3.4 | 15 | 19 | 63 | 31,604 | 3201 | 1028 | 30 | 644 | 4226 | 29 | 19 | 836 |
G14 | 3.5 | 153 | 1680 | 3093 | 3.8 | 15 | 15 | 71 | 31,494 | 3027 | 1091 | 29 | 621 | 4646 | 32 | 16 | 838 |
G15 | 3.5 | 138 | 1209 | 2893 | 3.8 | 15 | 19 | 68 | 32,674 | 3233 | 1103 | 32 | 664 | 4674 | 28 | 20 | 821 |
G16 | 2.9 | 94 | 670 | 1711 | 3.8 | 11 | 14 | 53 | 30,990 | 2864 | 880 | 26 | 588 | 4531 | 14 | 16 | 607 |
G17 | 3.8 | 155 | 1471 | 2921 | 4.1 | 15 | 15 | 86 | 32,516 | 3056 | 1129 | 28 | 643 | 5254 | 30 | 14 | 865 |
G18 | 2.4 | 124 | 916 | 2010 | 2.9 | 14 | 17 | 61 | 32,329 | 3186 | 876 | 31 | 614 | 3989 | 22 | 18 | 688 |
G19 | 1.9 | 110 | 469 | 1383 | 2.7 | 15 | 20 | 56 | 34,025 | 3100 | 749 | 34 | 624 | 3226 | 18 | 24 | 597 |
G20 | 3.1 | 157 | 1455 | 2240 | 3.4 | 14 | 14 | 71 | 31,616 | 2918 | 991 | 27 | 610 | 4588 | 29 | 14 | 767 |
G21 | 2.8 | 137 | 1317 | 2251 | 3.4 | 14 | 15 | 69 | 32,406 | 2928 | 1018 | 29 | 631 | 4078 | 27 | 16 | 779 |
G22 | 6.8 | 122 | 2205 | 2214 | 4.7 | 10 | 12 | 51 | 18,736 | 2076 | 714 | 18 | 357 | 8084 | 27 | 13 | 495 |
G23 | 4.0 | 116 | 1262 | 1890 | 4.1 | 11 | 14 | 47 | 21,335 | 2291 | 711 | 21 | 424 | 5547 | 21 | 16 | 538 |
G24 | 8.4 | 160 | 3321 | 3193 | 6.3 | 12 | 15 | 54 | 25,211 | 2704 | 890 | 23 | 550 | 9328 | 38 | 15 | 685 |
G25 | 9.4 | 143 | 2773 | 3498 | 6.2 | 14 | 16 | 60 | 25,720 | 2974 | 1027 | 25 | 590 | 10,270 | 32 | 15 | 668 |
R1 | 0.1 | 10 | 626 | 918 | 0.2 | 12 | 21 | 16 | 27,860 | 2751 | 444 | 25 | 408 | 367 | 21 | 18 | 72 |
R2 | 0.1 | 9 | 649 | 545 | 0.1 | 10 | 20 | 14 | 28,946 | 2744 | 326 | 22 | 400 | 358 | 16 | 17 | 72 |
R3 | 5.9 | 16 | 8027 | 2077 | 5.2 | 11 | 16 | 311 | 30,981 | 2437 | 630 | 21 | 493 | 7674 | 48 | 13 | 475 |
R4 | 1.0 | 18 | 1513 | 935 | 2.1 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29,921 | 2778 | 668 | 26 | 431 | 1759 | 27 | 17 | 583 |
R5 | 1.5 | 19 | 4697 | 970 | 3.0 | 10 | 21 | 34 | 33,116 | 3025 | 580 | 25 | 448 | 2134 | 62 | 18 | 551 |
R6 | 3.6 | 105 | 3965 | 2481 | 2.9 | 11 | 19 | 55 | 28,601 | 2705 | 582 | 22 | 611 | 4027 | 54 | 18 | 642 |
R7 | 4.8 | 140 | 2193 | 1271 | 1.9 | 16 | 17 | 78 | 28,330 | 2011 | 795 | 27 | 488 | 7697 | 27 | 17 | 445 |
R8 | 11.8 | 192 | 5537 | 3768 | 11.1 | 20 | 18 | 112 | 37,114 | 2583 | 1155 | 29 | 719 | 11,258 | 87 | 18 | 1694 |
R9 | 6.2 | 145 | 3950 | 5417 | 5.9 | 18 | 22 | 76 | 32,889 | 3595 | 1108 | 32 | 797 | 5777 | 60 | 22 | 987 |
R10 | 3.8 | 160 | 4383 | 3745 | 3.1 | 15 | 33 | 76 | 30,665 | 3853 | 843 | 31 | 680 | 4374 | 68 | 38 | 592 |
R11 | 7.3 | 125 | 4958 | 3954 | 7.0 | 15 | 17 | 68 | 34,018 | 3489 | 1192 | 28 | 663 | 7584 | 48 | 18 | 924 |
R12 | 4.9 | 124 | 5105 | 4036 | 4.9 | 16 | 22 | 102 | 39,019 | 3744 | 1033 | 34 | 738 | 5471 | 74 | 25 | 1029 |
R13 | 5.8 | 137 | 5425 | 4475 | 5.2 | 16 | 20 | 222 | 38,069 | 3653 | 1077 | 33 | 694 | 6302 | 77 | 23 | 1010 |
R14 | 10.0 | 137 | 3865 | 3723 | 8.2 | 16 | 19 | 75 | 33,385 | 3398 | 1240 | 29 | 750 | 11871 | 47 | 20 | 985 |
R15 | 5.0 | 116 | 1717 | 3364 | 4.3 | 18 | 19 | 71 | 35,769 | 3586 | 981 | 33 | 657 | 5777 | 30 | 23 | 911 |
R16 | 5.9 | 156 | 3173 | 5432 | 5.3 | 18 | 20 | 76 | 35,435 | 3918 | 1264 | 33 | 674 | 6788 | 48 | 23 | 1003 |
R17 | 2.9 | 114 | 349 | 1522 | 3.0 | 13 | 24 | 60 | 28,607 | 2935 | 711 | 36 | 814 | 3222 | 20 | 32 | 554 |
C1 | 2.8 | 186 | 1240 | 3215 | 4.3 | 12 | 15 | 41 | 22,977 | 2693 | 785 | 20 | 532 | 3254 | 24 | 18 | 687 |
C2 | 3.1 | 105 | 2907 | 4713 | 3.7 | 12 | 31 | 44 | 23,681 | 2985 | 643 | 32 | 738 | 3873 | 51 | 21 | 582 |
C3 | 4.5 | 109 | 4189 | 3011 | 3.6 | 11 | 20 | 48 | 19,725 | 2395 | 689 | 18 | 465 | 4826 | 56 | 13 | 583 |
C4 | 9.5 | 45 | 11762 | 2395 | 12.5 | 15 | 19 | 59 | 39,207 | 3195 | 1167 | 26 | 482 | 15,533 | 172 | 18 | 1794 |
C5 | 3.9 | 120 | 2610 | 3678 | 3.7 | 12 | 25 | 58 | 24,780 | 3029 | 627 | 27 | 689 | 4566 | 41 | 17 | 693 |
C6 | 3.4 | 93 | 3762 | 2015 | 2.7 | 10 | 20 | 35 | 20,338 | 2434 | 590 | 19 | 482 | 3295 | 53 | 17 | 422 |
C7 | 2.8 | 91 | 2702 | 2972 | 3.3 | 10 | 24 | 46 | 21,273 | 2693 | 481 | 22 | 757 | 2925 | 43 | 18 | 596 |
C8 | 2.9 | 95 | 2891 | 3022 | 3.2 | 10 | 24 | 46 | 20,201 | 2503 | 517 | 21 | 710 | 3066 | 47 | 17 | 558 |
C9 | 4.2 | 100 | 4141 | 2974 | 3.9 | 10 | 26 | 43 | 21,364 | 2526 | 544 | 24 | 708 | 3838 | 60 | 19 | 588 |
Live-bed | |||||||||||||||||
G1 | 3.2 | 113 | 432 | 910 | 1.2 | 14 | 14 | 109 | 19,747 | 1412 | 1205 | 20 | 396 | 2644 | 13 | 15 | 212 |
G2 | 3.8 | 100 | 474 | 601 | 2.1 | 12 | 12 | 46 | 21,064 | 1089 | 1303 | 18 | 358 | 3598 | 13 | 15 | 342 |
G3 | 3.7 | 180 | 908 | 549 | 1.2 | 12 | 11 | 329 | 22,189 | 1114 | 962 | 20 | 378 | 3007 | 16 | 12 | 270 |
G4 | 8.8 | 180 | 1149 | 3132 | 5.8 | 32 | 17 | 361 | 28,782 | 1988 | 4660 | 47 | 585 | 7391 | 27 | 19 | 593 |
G5 | 4.1 | 197 | 575 | 504 | 1.2 | 13 | 12 | 223 | 26,245 | 1198 | 736 | 22 | 462 | 3599 | 14 | 13 | 309 |
G6 | 4.4 | 126 | 2244 | 1022 | 1.8 | 19 | 17 | 244 | 31,657 | 1855 | 1542 | 36 | 518 | 3579 | 34 | 18 | 329 |
G7 | 3.4 | 132 | 1138 | 848 | 2.5 | 17 | 16 | 200 | 27,020 | 1672 | 1501 | 33 | 451 | 4589 | 23 | 18 | 343 |
G8 | 3.4 | 110 | 719 | 1009 | 2.7 | 11 | 18 | 53 | 26,541 | 3065 | 712 | 28 | 538 | 3909 | 17 | 22 | 354 |
G9 | 4.3 | 100 | 655 | 2235 | 2.9 | 11 | 16 | 35 | 19,156 | 2696 | 702 | 24 | 548 | 5983 | 21 | 21 | 303 |
G10 | 2.6 | 92 | 233 | 1393 | 1.7 | 11 | 12 | 46 | 21,387 | 2412 | 545 | 25 | 513 | 3942 | 12 | 13 | 269 |
G11 | 6.7 | 105 | 801 | 2280 | 4.3 | 14 | 19 | 59 | 39,565 | 3076 | 1124 | 31 | 636 | 6940 | 21 | 21 | 942 |
G12 | 4.1 | 88 | 499 | 1777 | 4.4 | 13 | 15 | 54 | 29,017 | 2778 | 840 | 27 | 575 | 4246 | 12 | 18 | 635 |
G13 | 4.4 | 125 | 486 | 2318 | 3.0 | 14 | 16 | 103 | 33,253 | 2892 | 843 | 32 | 723 | 5083 | 19 | 20 | 695 |
G14 | 2.8 | 104 | 377 | 1751 | 3.4 | 14 | 15 | 50 | 33,853 | 2862 | 933 | 30 | 639 | 3922 | 12 | 17 | 781 |
G15 | 2.5 | 118 | 866 | 1872 | 2.7 | 12 | 21 | 51 | 32,584 | 3049 | 806 | 30 | 635 | 3584 | 27 | 25 | 640 |
G16 | 7.6 | 161 | 2881 | 3255 | 6.7 | 13 | 16 | 61 | 27,353 | 2869 | 1116 | 25 | 591 | 8816 | 35 | 18 | 706 |
G17 | 1.7 | 129 | 218 | 1184 | 2.4 | 12 | 17 | 39 | 28,185 | 2606 | 666 | 25 | 579 | 2378 | 12 | 20 | 522 |
G18 | 2.9 | 106 | 304 | 1355 | 2.7 | 13 | 18 | 50 | 33,025 | 2656 | 740 | 29 | 622 | 3582 | 13 | 20 | 649 |
G19 | 2.3 | 102 | 346 | 1499 | 3.0 | 14 | 18 | 47 | 35,642 | 2937 | 864 | 33 | 632 | 3364 | 14 | 19 | 709 |
G20 | 2.6 | 156 | 237 | 1284 | 2.5 | 13 | 20 | 61 | 33,697 | 2767 | 680 | 31 | 614 | 3490 | 15 | 25 | 608 |
G21 | 2.0 | 92 | 129 | 975 | 1.8 | 12 | 16 | 54 | 24,534 | 2490 | 552 | 24 | 551 | 2285 | 10 | 18 | 463 |
G22 | 1.9 | 67 | 193 | 891 | 2.4 | 8 | 10 | 34 | 20,390 | 1935 | 456 | 20 | 419 | 2531 | 7 | 12 | 409 |
G23 | 2.0 | 77 | 149 | 893 | 2.7 | 9 | 11 | 35 | 25,326 | 2032 | 546 | 23 | 471 | 2785 | 6 | 13 | 465 |
G24 | 2.0 | 65 | 224 | 1057 | 3.2 | 10 | 13 | 27 | 22,784 | 2341 | 705 | 22 | 515 | 2640 | 9 | 15 | 436 |
G25 | 2.4 | 78 | 324 | 1158 | 2.9 | 9 | 12 | 49 | 24,535 | 2497 | 571 | 23 | 557 | 3005 | 10 | 14 | 418 |
R1 | 0.1 | 18 | 904 | 434 | 0.1 | 11 | 23 | 18 | 37,278 | 3277 | 330 | 27 | 483 | 309 | 18 | 19 | 81 |
R2 | 0.7 | 15 | 1649 | 522 | 0.3 | 10 | 22 | 14 | 31,087 | 2902 | 296 | 26 | 400 | 1125 | 27 | 19 | 88 |
R3 | 8.2 | 59 | 12671 | 1542 | 4.3 | 15 | 19 | 81 | 34,753 | 2899 | 692 | 27 | 465 | 10,511 | 173 | 17 | 619 |
R4 | 3.2 | 23 | 10310 | 1365 | 2.6 | 10 | 21 | 23 | 34,266 | 3193 | 615 | 28 | 467 | 5433 | 146 | 19 | 635 |
R5 | 0.7 | 20 | 1592 | 630 | 2.3 | 10 | 22 | 19 | 35,946 | 3337 | 528 | 28 | 482 | 1677 | 25 | 18 | 619 |
R6 | 1.3 | 23 | 8966 | 1523 | 4.4 | 13 | 20 | 20 | 29,753 | 2616 | 1233 | 28 | 460 | 2568 | 115 | 20 | 830 |
R7 | 3.3 | 85 | 1531 | 1709 | 2.4 | 10 | 19 | 49 | 28,013 | 2716 | 417 | 26 | 727 | 3164 | 26 | 17 | 567 |
R8 | 4.1 | 115 | 3591 | 5159 | 5.2 | 16 | 28 | 59 | 31,304 | 3690 | 954 | 32 | 989 | 3607 | 61 | 26 | 912 |
R9 | 4.7 | 85 | 1446 | 4053 | 3.9 | 14 | 22 | 56 | 33,905 | 4047 | 886 | 32 | 728 | 3696 | 28 | 24 | 760 |
R10 | 4.1 | 147 | 3125 | 4603 | 4.6 | 16 | 23 | 85 | 32,557 | 4054 | 1052 | 32 | 798 | 4998 | 51 | 25 | 723 |
R11 | 10.9 | 174 | 3440 | 6098 | 9.0 | 18 | 10 | 83 | 37,289 | 3852 | 1855 | 28 | 606 | 10,606 | 40 | 12 | 1350 |
R12 | 3.9 | 95 | 1046 | 2595 | 7.0 | 17 | 20 | 58 | 39,933 | 3268 | 1516 | 38 | 712 | 4413 | 22 | 24 | 1087 |
R13 | 3.6 | 107 | 862 | 3361 | 5.2 | 16 | 22 | 57 | 40,213 | 3645 | 1022 | 36 | 713 | 4995 | 22 | 25 | 1038 |
R14 | 4.6 | 90 | 1850 | 2997 | 5.0 | 12 | 19 | 43 | 25,852 | 3166 | 823 | 23 | 573 | 5312 | 26 | 19 | 673 |
R15 | 4.2 | 104 | 1848 | 3310 | 5.3 | 15 | 21 | 56 | 36,510 | 3522 | 1061 | 34 | 709 | 4584 | 33 | 24 | 975 |
R16 | 3.2 | 100 | 537 | 2492 | 4.0 | 17 | 19 | 49 | 31,106 | 3235 | 1007 | 33 | 645 | 3423 | 14 | 20 | 865 |
R17 | 4.1 | 118 | 348 | 3874 | 3.3 | 17 | 19 | 60 | 28,578 | 3629 | 946 | 39 | 856 | 5243 | 23 | 24 | 520 |
C1 | 6.7 | 168 | 5579 | 1163 | 2.3 | 14 | 14 | 98 | 28,353 | 1898 | 686 | 28 | 481 | 10,282 | 66 | 17 | 462 |
C2 | 3.2 | 231 | 1122 | 1819 | 5.0 | 12 | 13 | 53 | 27,583 | 2288 | 765 | 24 | 532 | 3916 | 18 | 15 | 805 |
C3 | 3.1 | 119 | 2491 | 3822 | 4.7 | 13 | 37 | 48 | 18,652 | 2399 | 454 | 30 | 1111 | 3634 | 50 | 20 | 642 |
C4 | 3.8 | 110 | 4669 | 5346 | 4.6 | 9 | 44 | 61 | 19,855 | 3019 | 407 | 32 | 1251 | 4631 | 74 | 19 | 688 |
C5 | 3.6 | 148 | 2767 | 5043 | 7.1 | 13 | 63 | 57 | 22,207 | 3058 | 689 | 39 | 1575 | 4784 | 57 | 20 | 888 |
C6 | 6.4 | 197 | 8727 | 5604 | 7.7 | 9 | 38 | 59 | 22,070 | 2354 | 415 | 21 | 839 | 7022 | 128 | 15 | 911 |
C7 | 5.4 | 144 | 7741 | 2693 | 6.8 | 11 | 27 | 58 | 23,684 | 2387 | 545 | 24 | 805 | 4071 | 105 | 18 | 781 |
C8 | 4.6 | 105 | 10539 | 2704 | 5.4 | 8 | 36 | 36 | 21,741 | 2145 | 313 | 28 | 526 | 4211 | 136 | 17 | 582 |
C9 | 3.1 | 93 | 3735 | 2754 | 3.7 | 8 | 20 | 45 | 17,753 | 2346 | 393 | 19 | 560 | 2824 | 54 | 15 | 490 |
Element | Min. | Max. | Mean | Median | Range | Std. Deviation | Variance | Skewness | Kurtosis | Crust Clarke Values | Acid Rocks |
Ag | 0 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 0.78 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.15 |
As | 9 | 192 | 116 | 124 | 182 | 44 | 1.978 | −0.92 | 0.71 | 5 | 2 |
Ba | 349 | 11,762 | 2622 | 1717 | 11,414 | 2203 | 4,852,462 | 1.85 | 4.92 | 260 | 830 |
Ca | 545 | 5432 | 2472 | 2395 | 4887 | 1243 | 1,544,183 | 0.42 | −0.39 | 36,300 | - |
Cd | 0 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 2 | 5 | 1.69 | 4.92 | 0.15 | 0.10 |
Co | 10 | 31 | 14 | 14 | 21 | 4 | 13 | 2.09 | 8.31 | 23 | 5 |
Cr (III-VI) | 11 | 33 | 18 | 18 | 22 | 5 | 23 | 0.83 | 1.09 | 200 | 25 |
Cu | 14 | 432 | 90 | 63 | 418 | 85 | 7196 | 2.62 | 6.72 | 70 | 30 |
Fe | 18,736 | 39,207 | 28,724 | 28,607 | 20,471 | 5308 | 28,173,431 | 0.03 | −0.79 | 50,000 | - |
Mg | 1049 | 3918 | 2704 | 2778 | 2869 | 705 | 497,429 | −0.69 | 0.15 | 20,900 | - |
Mn | 326 | 4492 | 999 | 894 | 4166 | 611 | 373,780 | 4.08 | 21.61 | 1000 | 600 |
Ni | 18 | 46 | 27 | 26 | 28 | 5 | 29 | 0.74 | 1.44 | 80 | 8 |
P | 357 | 814 | 583 | 590 | 457 | 115 | 13,332 | 0.03 | −0.98 | 180 | 700 |
Pb | 358 | 15,533 | 5452 | 4646 | 15,175 | 3010 | 9,061,307 | 1.36 | 2.40 | 16 | 2 |
Sr | 13 | 172 | 42 | 31 | 159 | 28 | 759 | 2.66 | 10.77 | 300 | 300 |
V | 10 | 38 | 18 | 17 | 27 | 5 | 25 | 1.66 | 4.97 | 150 | 40 |
Zn | 72 | 1794 | 659 | 596 | 1723 | 318 | 101,411 | 1.36 | 3.94 | 132 | 60 |
Element | Enrichment Factor (crust) | Enrichment Factor (acid rocks) | Generic Reference Levels in Andalucia | Dutch Regulations for Standard Soils Intervention Value | |||||||
Industrial | Urban | Others | |||||||||
Ag | 94 | 37 | - | - | - | - | |||||
As | 47 | 93 | 40 | 36 | 36 | 76 | |||||
Ba | 20 | 3.79 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 625 | |||||
Ca | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
Cd | 54 | 48 | 750 | 75 | 25 | 13 | |||||
Co | 1.24 | 3.39 | 250 | 25 | 24 | 190 | |||||
Cr (III-VI) | 0.18 | 0.87 | 10,000–100 | 10,000–20 | 10,000–20 | 180–78 | |||||
Cu | 2.60 | 3.60 | 10,000 | 3130 | 595 | 190 | |||||
Fe | 1.16 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
Mg | 0.26 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
Mn | 2.02 | 2.00 | - | - | - | - | |||||
Ni | 0.68 | 4.04 | 10,000 | 1530 | 1530 | 100 | |||||
P | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||||
Pb | 689 | 3272 | 2750 | 275 | 275 | 530 | |||||
Sr | 0.28 | 0.17 | - | - | - | - | |||||
V | 0.24 | 0.54 | 3650 | 365 | 50 | - | |||||
Zn | 10 | 13 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 10,000 | 720 |
(a) Live-Bed | (b) Floodplain | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Component | Variable | Component | ||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Mn | 0.860 | 0.233 | −0.113 | −0.002 | Ba | 0.919 | −0.055 | 0.143 | −0.113 |
Co | 0.855 | 0.413 | −0.023 | −0.019 | Sr | 0.893 | −0.047 | 0.261 | −0.164 |
Cu | 0.822 | −0.260 | −0.125 | −0.099 | Cd | 0.890 | 0.181 | −0.038 | 0.270 |
As | 0.667 | −0.292 | 0.350 | 0.054 | Pb | 0.825 | 0.218 | −0.251 | 0.273 |
Fe | 0.130 | 0.866 | −0.251 | 0.096 | Zn | 0.784 | 0.200 | 0.259 | 0.230 |
Mg | −0.214 | 0.837 | 0.308 | 0.127 | Ag | 0.769 | 0.283 | −0.214 | 0.421 |
V | −0.037 | 0.755 | 0.313 | −0.139 | Co | 0.176 | 0.928 | 0.097 | 0.197 |
Ni | 0.451 | 0.675 | 0.327 | −0.106 | Mn | 0.124 | 0.917 | −0.186 | 0.115 |
Zn | 0.117 | 0.609 | 0.426 | 0.395 | Cu | 0.108 | 0.884 | −0.111 | 0.121 |
P | −0.016 | 0.186 | 0.943 | −0.022 | Ni | −0.049 | 0.842 | 0.443 | 0.112 |
Cr | −0.200 | 0.029 | 0.860 | 0.161 | Fe | 0.358 | 0.527 | 0.508 | −0.147 |
Ca | 0.182 | 0.280 | 0.783 | 0.356 | V | −0.042 | 0.215 | 0.820 | 0.037 |
Cd | 0.245 | 0.277 | 0.579 | 0.552 | Mg | 0.210 | −0.038 | 0.819 | 0.143 |
Ba | −0.209 | −0.059 | 0.097 | 0.875 | Cr | −0.052 | −0.186 | 0.786 | −0.087 |
Sr | −0.214 | −0.033 | 0.172 | 0.842 | P | 0.068 | 0.144 | 0.657 | 0.596 |
Pb | 0.468 | 0.140 | 0.047 | 0.727 | As | 0.100 | 0.374 | −0.099 | 0.845 |
Ag | 0.641 | 0.070 | 0.105 | 0.667 | Ca | 0.414 | −0.030 | 0.431 | 0.692 |
% Var | 21.92% | 20.25% | 19.56% | 18.42% | % Var | 27.91% | 23.05% | 19.79% | 12.31% |
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Mendoza, R.; Martínez, J.; Rey, J.; Hidalgo, M.C.; Campos-Suñol, M.J. Metal(loid)s Transport in Hydrographic Networks of Mining Basins: The Case of the La Carolina Mining District (Southeast Spain). Geosciences 2020, 10, 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100391
Mendoza R, Martínez J, Rey J, Hidalgo MC, Campos-Suñol MJ. Metal(loid)s Transport in Hydrographic Networks of Mining Basins: The Case of the La Carolina Mining District (Southeast Spain). Geosciences. 2020; 10(10):391. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100391
Chicago/Turabian StyleMendoza, Rosendo, Julián Martínez, Javier Rey, M. Carmen Hidalgo, and M. José Campos-Suñol. 2020. "Metal(loid)s Transport in Hydrographic Networks of Mining Basins: The Case of the La Carolina Mining District (Southeast Spain)" Geosciences 10, no. 10: 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100391