Use of the Rat Grimace Scale to Evaluate Visceral Pain in a Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Experimental Design
2.2. Facial Image Analysis
2.3. Disease Activity Index
2.4. Open Field Test
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Facial Image Analysis
3.2. Disease Activity Index and Body Weight
3.3. Open Field Test
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall Appearance * | Weight Loss (%) | Stool Consistency | Rectal Bleeding | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | No weight loss | Normal Stools | No observable blood | 0 |
Mild | 0–5% | Loose | Blood spots in faeces | 1 |
Moderate | 5–10% | Mild diarrhoea | Clear evidence of blood in faeces | 2 |
Severe | >10% | Overt diarrhoea | Gross bleeding | 3 |
RGS | DAI | |
---|---|---|
Saline + Saline | P Value | P Value |
Tumour baseline vs. 24hr | 0.28 | 0.54 |
Tumour baseline vs. 48hr | 0.07 | 0.07 |
Tumour baseline vs. 72hr | 0.03 * | 0.06 |
5-FU + Saline | ||
Tumour baseline vs. 24hr | 0.06 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 48hr | 0.53 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 72hr | 0.03 * | <0.001 * |
5-FU + Fentanyl | ||
Tumour baseline vs. 24hr | 0.91 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 48hr | 0.12 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 72hr | 0.001 * | <0.001 * |
5-FU +Morphine | ||
Tumour baseline vs. 24hr | 0.03 * | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 48hr | 0.47 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 72hr | 0.01 * | <0.001 * |
5-FU + Oxycodone | ||
Tumour baseline vs. 24hr | 0.11 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 48hr | 0.12 | <0.001 * |
Tumour baseline vs. 72hr | 0.001 * | <0.001 * |
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George, R.P.; Howarth, G.S.; Whittaker, A.L. Use of the Rat Grimace Scale to Evaluate Visceral Pain in a Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis. Animals 2019, 9, 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090678
George RP, Howarth GS, Whittaker AL. Use of the Rat Grimace Scale to Evaluate Visceral Pain in a Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis. Animals. 2019; 9(9):678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090678
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge, Rebecca P., Gordon S. Howarth, and Alexandra L. Whittaker. 2019. "Use of the Rat Grimace Scale to Evaluate Visceral Pain in a Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Mucositis" Animals 9, no. 9: 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090678