Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators?
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Farm ID | Number of Lactating Cows | Breeds | Husbandry System | Cubicle: Cow Ratio | Feeding Place: Cow Ratio | Feeding | Access to Pasture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 112 | Holstein | Loose house, cubicles | 0.89 | 0.69 | Total mixed ration | No |
2 | 120 | Holstein | Loose house, cubicles | 1.08 | 0.68 | Total mixed ration | No |
3 | 49 | Holstein | Tie stall | 1.00 | 1.00 | Total mixed ration | No |
4 | 52 | Holstein | Loose house, cubicles | 1.15 | 1.00 | Total mixed ration | No |
5 | 50 | 80% Pezzata Rossa Italiana, 20% Holstein | Loose house, cubicles | 1.12 | 1.72 | Ventilated hay and fresh grass | Yes |
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Battini, M.; Agostini, A.; Mattiello, S. Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators? Animals 2019, 9, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080477
Battini M, Agostini A, Mattiello S. Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators? Animals. 2019; 9(8):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080477
Chicago/Turabian StyleBattini, Monica, Anna Agostini, and Silvana Mattiello. 2019. "Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators?" Animals 9, no. 8: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080477
APA StyleBattini, M., Agostini, A., & Mattiello, S. (2019). Understanding Cows’ Emotions on Farm: Are Eye White and Ear Posture Reliable Indicators? Animals, 9(8), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9080477