Effect of Corn Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Dairy Cow Diets on Manure Bioenergy Production Potential
Abstract
:Simple Summary
abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
DDGS0 | DDGS10 | DDGS30 | SEMα | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients, % DMβ | |||||
Alfalfa silage | 22.9 | 22.9 | 22.9 | ||
Corn silage | 33.8 | 33.8 | 33.8 | ||
Timothy hay | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | ||
Steam-flaked corn | 16.7 | 11.0 | 0.0 | ||
Soybean meal | 13.2 | 8.8 | 0.0 | ||
Corn dried distillers grains with Solubles | 0.0 | 10.1 | 30.0 | ||
Beet pulp, dehydrated | 7.6 | 7.6 | 7.5 | ||
Calcium carbonate | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | ||
Mineral and vitamin supplement | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5 | ||
Composition, % DM | |||||
Organic matter | 93.0 | 92.9 | 92.5 | ||
Crude protein | 16.2 | 16.4 | 16.8 | ||
Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 21.8 | 21.8 | 23.3 | ||
Starch | 19.0 | 15.8 | 11.2 | ||
Crude fat | 3.99 | 4.98 | 7.16 | ||
Volume and composition of dairy slurry, kg·day−1·cow−1 | |||||
Slurry | 76.1b | 80.2ab | 84.4a | 2.55 | <0.01 |
Feces | 51.9b | 55.2b | 59.8a | 2.33 | <0.01 |
Urine | 24.3a | 25.0a | 24.6a | 0.34 | 0.71 |
Dry matter β | 6.85b | 7.28b | 8.06a | 0.228 | <0.01 |
Volatile solids | 5.98b | 6.39b | 7.05a | 0.203 | <0.01 |
Nitrogen | 0.395b | 0.406ab | 0.426a | 0.0125 | 0.05 |
Fat | 0.433c | 0.557b | 0.737a | 0.0231 | <0.01 |
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 3.30b | 3.55b | 4.30a | 0.131 | <0.01 |
ADF | 2.00b | 2.09b | 2.30a | 0.081 | <0.01 |
Hemicellulose | 1.31b | 1.46b | 2.00a | 0.067 | <0.01 |
2.2. Incubation Set-Up
Parameter | Concentration |
---|---|
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) | 48.1 mg·L−1 |
pH | 7.48 |
Dry matter (DM) | 3.4% |
Volatile solids (VS) | 2.4% |
Fixed solids (FS) | 1.0% |
Soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) | 6.8 g·L−1 |
Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) | 37.3 g·L−1 |
N-ammonia (N-NH3) | 1.8 g·L−1 |
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) | 2.8 g·L−1 |
2.3. Monitoring Gaseous Emissions
2.4. Chemical Analyses
2.5. Calculations and Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Adding Different Levels of Corn DDGS to the Dairy Cow Diet on Slurry Characteristics
3.2. Effects of Diets on Bioenergy Production
DDGS0 | DDGS10 | DDGS30 | SEMα | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial composition,% DM | |||||
Dry matter (DM, %) | 6.18a | 6.13a | 5.84b | 0.04 | <0.05 |
Volatile solids (VS) | 74a | 74a | 75a | 0.20 | 0.12 |
Fixed solids (FS) | 26a | 26a | 25a | 0.20 | 0.12 |
Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) | 5.28b | 6.21a | 4.12c | 0.04 | <0.01 |
pH | 7.40a | 7.32b | 7.36ab | 0.008 | <0.05 |
Total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) | 109b | 109b | 119a | 1.75 | <0.05 |
Soluble COD | 26.8b | 29.2a | 24.8c | 0.28 | <0.01 |
Total Kjedahl nitrogen (TKN) | 7.57a | 7.31b | 7.20b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
Ammonia (NH3) | 5.28a | 5.01b | 4.98b | 0.03 | <0.01 |
Final composition,% DM | |||||
DM (%) | 5.41a | 5.40a | 4.79a | 0.15 | 0.09 |
VS | 70a | 71a | 69a | 0.71 | 0.20 |
FS | 30a | 29a | 31a | 0.71 | 0.20 |
TVFA | 0.29a | 0.36a | 0.40a | 0.03 | 0.14 |
pH | 7.62a | 7.59a | 7.59a | 0.01 | 0.28 |
TCOD | 106ab | 108a | 103b | 0.48 | <0.05 |
SCOD | 23.5a | 22.7a | 19.2b | 0.47 | <0.05 |
TKN | 8.70a | 8.30a | 8.32a | 0.52 | 0.84 |
NH3 | 6.60a | 6.12a | 6.53a | 0.22 | 0.38 |
Bioenergy production | |||||
NL CH4 kg−1 VS | 255.8a | 265.0a | 252.9a | 1.58 | 0.34 |
NL CH4 day−1·cow−1 | 947.5b | 1054ab | 1084a | 13.23 | <0.05 |
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Massé, D.I.; Jarret, G.; Benchaar, C.; Saady, N.M.C. Effect of Corn Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Dairy Cow Diets on Manure Bioenergy Production Potential. Animals 2014, 4, 82-92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4010082
Massé DI, Jarret G, Benchaar C, Saady NMC. Effect of Corn Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Dairy Cow Diets on Manure Bioenergy Production Potential. Animals. 2014; 4(1):82-92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4010082
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassé, Daniel I., Guillaume Jarret, Chaouki Benchaar, and Noori M. Cata Saady. 2014. "Effect of Corn Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Dairy Cow Diets on Manure Bioenergy Production Potential" Animals 4, no. 1: 82-92. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani4010082