Does Placental Efficiency and Vascularization Affect Puppy Health? A Study in Boxer and Dobermann Dogs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Reproductive Management
2.3. Birth Management and Data Collection
2.4. Puppy Management and Data Collection
2.5. Placenta Evaluation
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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APGAR Score | ||
---|---|---|
Natural Delivery | Caesarean Section | |
5 min | 7.8 ± 1.6 a | 6.4 ± 1.2 b |
60 min | 8.9 ± 1.1 a | 8.6 ± 1.4 a |
120 min | 9.1 ± 0.9 a | 9 ± 1.2 a |
Mean Population | Male Puppies | Female Puppies | |
---|---|---|---|
CAW (g) | 49.7 ± 7.5 | 51.2 ± 5.2 a | 46.4 ± 5.6 a |
CAS (cm2) | 92.5 ± 17.7 | 95.6 ± 13.9 a | 90.3 ± 9.4 a |
WPE | 9.6 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 1.7 a | 9.4 ± 1.4 a |
SPE | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 0.9 a | 4.9 ± 1 b |
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Gloria, A.; Veronesi, M.C.; Contri, A. Does Placental Efficiency and Vascularization Affect Puppy Health? A Study in Boxer and Dobermann Dogs. Animals 2024, 14, 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030423
Gloria A, Veronesi MC, Contri A. Does Placental Efficiency and Vascularization Affect Puppy Health? A Study in Boxer and Dobermann Dogs. Animals. 2024; 14(3):423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030423
Chicago/Turabian StyleGloria, Alessia, Maria Cristina Veronesi, and Alberto Contri. 2024. "Does Placental Efficiency and Vascularization Affect Puppy Health? A Study in Boxer and Dobermann Dogs" Animals 14, no. 3: 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030423
APA StyleGloria, A., Veronesi, M. C., & Contri, A. (2024). Does Placental Efficiency and Vascularization Affect Puppy Health? A Study in Boxer and Dobermann Dogs. Animals, 14(3), 423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030423