Nitrogen Utilization in Goats Consuming Buffelgrass Hay and Molasses-Based Blocks with Incremental Urea Levels
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals, Supplements, and Feeding Management
2.2. Feed Sample Collection and Analysis
2.3. Feces and Urine Collection and Analysis
Retained N (%) = (N balance/N intake) (100)
2.4. Blood Analysis
2.5. Rumen Fluid Collection and pH Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of Blocks
3.2. Dry Matter and NDFom Intake and Digestibility
3.3. Time Dedicated to Eating and Ruminate
3.4. Nitrogen Intake and Retention
3.5. Blood Urea Nitrogen
3.6. Block and Urea Consumption on Water Intake and Urine Excretion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredient (kg/ton) | ||||
Molasses | 350 | 350 | 350 | 350 |
Soybean hulls | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
Cracked corn | 335 | 315 | 295 | 275 |
Urea | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 |
Salt | 130 | 130 | 130 | 130 |
Calcium oxide | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Mineral-vitamin premix 1 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
Chemical composition | ||||
Crude protein, % | 4.1 | 10.0 | 14.6 | 21.7 |
Metabolizable energy, Mcal/kg | 2.095 | 2.041 | 1.987 | 1.933 |
Neutral detergent fiber, % | 19.9 | 18.1 | 14.1 | 13.4 |
Ether extract, % | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Ash, % | 32.3 | 34.3 | 33.6 | 34.9 |
Non-fiber carbohydrates, % | 42.7 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 29.0 |
Block Urea Content, % | P 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | EE 1 | L | Q |
Body weight | |||||||
Initial, kg/d | 19.2 | 18.0 | 17.5 | 17.9 | 2.06 | 0.509 | 0.590 |
Final, kg/d | 21.9 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 20.3 | 2.45 | 0.622 | 0.671 |
Change, kg/d | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.094 | 0.706 | 0.809 |
Dry matter | |||||||
Forage, g/d | 571 | 542 | 543 | 554 | 42.8 | 0.796 | 0.645 |
Block, g/d | 165 | 121 | 168 | 122 | 30.0 | 0.557 | 0.977 |
Total, g/d | 736 | 663 | 712 | 676 | 57.3 | 0.616 | 0.742 |
Fecal DM, g/d | 158 | 143 | 154 | 157 | 20.3 | 0.911 | 0.659 |
DM digestibility, % | 79.3 | 78.6 | 78.5 | 77.0 | 3.28 | 0.373 | 0.803 |
NDFom | |||||||
Intake, g/d | 421.5 | 361.8 | 376.7 | 368.9 | 38.2 | 0.415 | 0.508 |
Feces, g/d | 82.3 | 73.0 | 76.6 | 81.9 | 1.95 | 0.966 | 0.515 |
Digestibility, % | 80.9 | 80.0 | 79.9 | 78.0 | 0.71 | 0.236 | 0.789 |
Block Urea Content, % | P 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | SEM 1 | L | Q |
Chewing times, min/d | |||||||
Eating | 424 | 412 | 471 | 447 | 33.6 | 0.469 | 0.878 |
Rumination | 444 | 340 | 351 | 400 | 27.5 | 0.346 | 0.013 |
Total | 868 | 752 | 822 | 847 | 45.0 | 0.972 | 0.136 |
Ruminal pH | 6.62 | 6.75 | 6.72 | 6.58 | 0.048 | 0.457 | 0.012 |
Urea, % | P 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Item | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | SEM 1 | L | Q |
Urine, mL/d | 1063 | 805 | 1016 | 753 | 167.7 | 0.375 | 0.988 |
N intake, g/d | |||||||
Forage, g/d | 6.120 | 5.994 | 5.928 | 6.010 | 0.453 | 0.998 | 0.822 |
Block, g/d | 1.065 c | 1.924 bc | 3.924 ab | 4.600 a | 0.571 | 0.000 | 0.875 |
Total | 7.180 | 7.922 | 9.848 | 10.605 | 0.796 | 0.006 | 0.993 |
Fecal N excretion, g/d | 7.110 | 5.772 | 6.228 | 6.438 | 0.867 | 0.706 | 0.388 |
Urinary N excretion, g/d | 2.528 | 2.242 | 3.100 | 3.275 | 0.463 | 0.174 | 0.627 |
N balance, g | −2.458 b | −0.092 ab | 0.520 ab | 0.895 a | 0.762 | 0.010 | 0.213 |
N retention, % | −35.93 b | −0.84 ab | 5.73 a | 10.06 a | 9.22 | 0.005 | 0.118 |
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Torres-Cavazos, Z.; Rico-Costilla, D.S.; Moreno-Degollado, G.; Hernández-Martínez, S.P.; Mendez-Zamora, G.; Ramos-Zayas, Y.; Kawas, J.R. Nitrogen Utilization in Goats Consuming Buffelgrass Hay and Molasses-Based Blocks with Incremental Urea Levels. Animals 2023, 13, 3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213370
Torres-Cavazos Z, Rico-Costilla DS, Moreno-Degollado G, Hernández-Martínez SP, Mendez-Zamora G, Ramos-Zayas Y, Kawas JR. Nitrogen Utilization in Goats Consuming Buffelgrass Hay and Molasses-Based Blocks with Incremental Urea Levels. Animals. 2023; 13(21):3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213370
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorres-Cavazos, Zaida, Daniela S. Rico-Costilla, Gustavo Moreno-Degollado, Sara P. Hernández-Martínez, Gerardo Mendez-Zamora, Yareellys Ramos-Zayas, and Jorge R. Kawas. 2023. "Nitrogen Utilization in Goats Consuming Buffelgrass Hay and Molasses-Based Blocks with Incremental Urea Levels" Animals 13, no. 21: 3370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213370