Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Anesthesia and Instrumentation
2.3. Monitoring
2.4. Events of Interest
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Baseline | 1 min | 3 min | 5 min | 10 min |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incision event | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 36 (35–39) | 36 (34–38) | 37 (36–39) | 37(36–39) | - |
PTAm (adimensional) | 82 (71–90) | 79 (63–89) | 81 (68–93) | 86 (76–94) | - |
MAP (mmHg) | 76 (69–86) | 71 (68–79) | 70 (67–78) | 71 (64–79) | - |
Morphine event | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 37 (36–39) | - | - | - | 37 (35–39) |
PTAm (adimensional) | 83 (71–92) | - | - | - | 85 (70–94) |
MAP (mmHg) | 73 (66–80) | - | - | - | 67 (60–77) * |
Dobutamine event | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 38 (35–39) | - | - | 38 (34–41) | - |
PTAm (adimensional) | 73 (59–91) | - | - | 67 (61–78) | - |
MAP (mmHg) | 55 (48–60) | - | - | 65 (61–73) * | - |
Ketamine event | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 41 (34–45) | - | 38 (34–45) | 39 (34–44) | - |
PTAm (adimensional) | 71 (59–86) | - | 56 (44–65) * | 65 (60–76) | - |
MAP (mmHg) | 78 (67–90) | - | 73 (67–85) | 69 (67–85) * | - |
PTAm event | |||||
HR (beats/min) | 37 (34–43) | 39 (34–45) | 41 (36–45) | 42 (36–44) | - |
PTAm (adimensional) | 86 (80–92) | 61 (59–70) * | 68 (54–79) | 69 (53–81) | - |
MAP (mmHg) | 86 (76–89) | 83 (70–86) | 81 (69–86) | 83 (67–85) | - |
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Ruíz-López, P.; Morgaz, J.; Quirós-Carmona, S.; Navarrete-Calvo, R.; Domínguez, J.M.; Gómez-Villamandos, R.J.; Granados, M.M. Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration. Animals 2022, 12, 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038
Ruíz-López P, Morgaz J, Quirós-Carmona S, Navarrete-Calvo R, Domínguez JM, Gómez-Villamandos RJ, Granados MM. Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration. Animals. 2022; 12(8):1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuíz-López, Patricia, Juan Morgaz, Setefilla Quirós-Carmona, Rocío Navarrete-Calvo, Juan Manuel Domínguez, Rafael Jesús Gómez-Villamandos, and M. M. Granados. 2022. "Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration" Animals 12, no. 8: 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038
APA StyleRuíz-López, P., Morgaz, J., Quirós-Carmona, S., Navarrete-Calvo, R., Domínguez, J. M., Gómez-Villamandos, R. J., & Granados, M. M. (2022). Parasympathetic Tone Changes in Anesthetized Horses after Surgical Stimulation, and Morphine, Ketamine, and Dobutamine Administration. Animals, 12(8), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12081038