Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Attitudes Scale Preparation
2.2. Structure of the Questionnaire
2.3. Survey Method
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Attitude towards the Animal Sentient Model
3.2. Attitude towards the Five Freedoms Model
3.3. Uncertainty Rate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Animal Sentient Model |
---|
Animals are emotionally influenced by the conditions of their mates |
Animals are aware of their surroundings |
Animals can experience positive or negative emotions in the same way that humans do |
Animals are able to choose among different individuals of the same species, objects, and situations |
Animals are aware of what is happening to them |
Animals are able to have emotional bonds with humans |
Animals are aware of their bodily sensation (pain, hunger, heat, cold) |
Animal can develop emotional bonds with individuals of the same species |
Animals are aware of their relationships with other animals and humans |
Animal feel pain in the same way that humans do |
Animals can learn from experience |
Five Freedoms Model |
Animals should be free from unnecessary fear and distress |
Animals should be free to express the majority of their normal behaviors repertoire |
Animals should be free to interact naturally with other animals as their nature dictates |
Animals should be free from thirst most of the time |
Animals should be free from unnecessary suffering (emotional and physical) |
Animals should have enough space to lie down and move freely |
Animals should be free from injuries and disease (or prompt treatment should arise) |
Animals should be free from hunger most of the time |
Demographic Variables | n. of Respondents | % of Survey Sample | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 4158 | 71.8 |
Female | 1619 | 27.9 | |
NA * | 17 | 0.3 | |
Age | <20 | 2312 | 39.9 |
20–25 | 3396 | 58.6 | |
>25 | 68 | 1.2 | |
NA * | 19 | 0.3 | |
Year of study | Freshman | 2755 | 47.5 |
Sophomore | 2082 | 35.9 | |
Junior | 681 | 11.8 | |
Senior | 224 | 3.9 | |
Graduate | 53 | 0.9 | |
Major | Veterinary medicine | 332 | 5.7 |
Life-sciences | 474 | 8.2 | |
Engineering/IT/Sciences | 1298 | 22.4 | |
Human health | 661 | 11.4 | |
Nurse school | 1158 | 20 | |
Humanities/Art/Education | 909 | 15.7 | |
Business/Finance/Law | 963 | 16.6 | |
Region of origin | East China | 1666 | 28.8 |
South China | 230 | 4 | |
Middle China | 622 | 10.7 | |
North China | 577 | 9.9 | |
North-West China | 1496 | 25.8 | |
South-West China | 888 | 15.3 | |
North East China | 115 | 2 | |
NA * | 201 | 3.5 | |
Income | Low | 2409 | 41.6 |
Medium | 1458 | 25.2 | |
Upper medium | 687 | 11.9 | |
High | 333 | 5.7 | |
NA * | 908 | 15.7 | |
Family Size | Small | 1557 | 26.9 |
Medium | 2306 | 39.8 | |
Large | 1855 | 32 | |
NA * | 77 | 1.3 | |
Intended Career | Animal-related | 378 | 6.5 |
Medical/research | 1572 | 27.1 | |
Education | 418 | 7.2 | |
Other | 2473 | 42.7 | |
NA * | 954 | 16.5 | |
Owned animals before 18 years old | No | 2460 | 42.5 |
Yes | 3335 | 57.5 | |
Currently owning animals | No | 4531 | 78.2 |
Yes | 1264 | 21.8 | |
Attended animal welfare classes | No | 5192 | 89.6 |
Yes | 603 | 10.4 | |
Did laboratory work on animals | No | 4587 | 79.2 |
Yes | 1208 | 20.8 |
Factor | Level | Fitted Mean | Lower CI | Upper CI | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female a | 1.86 | 1.82 | 1.89 | 4158 |
Male b | 1.91 | 1.87 | 1.95 | 1619 | |
Region | Northwest a | 1.87 | 1.75 | 1.99 | 1496 |
South | 1.85 | 1.72 | 1.99 | 230 | |
North | 1.87 | 1.75 | 2 | 577 | |
East | 1.9 | 1.79 | 2.02 | 1666 | |
Middle | 1.92 | 1.79 | 2.04 | 622 | |
Northeast | 1.94 | 1.79 | 2.09 | 115 | |
Southwest b | 1.97 | 1.85 | 2.09 | 888 | |
Income | Low a | 1.97 | 1.86 | 2.09 | 2409 |
Medium a | 1.95 | 1.84 | 2.07 | 1458 | |
Upper medium | 1.89 | 1.77 | 2.01 | 687 | |
High b | 1.81 | 1.68 | 1.93 | 333 | |
Family size | Small | 1.78 | 1.68 | 1.89 | 1557 |
Medium | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.9 | 2306 | |
Large | 1.86 | 1.81 | 1.91 | 1855 | |
Major | Veterinary medicine | 1.86 | 1.78 | 1.94 | 332 |
Life-sciences | 1.88 | 1.66 | 2.11 | 474 | |
Engineering/ITS/Sciences | 1.84 | 1.7 | 1.97 | 1298 | |
Human health | 1.84 | 1.7 | 1.98 | 661 | |
Nurse school | 1.86 | 1.69 | 2.03 | 1158 | |
Humanities/Art/Education | 1.76 | 1.54 | 1.97 | 909 | |
Business/Finance/Law | 1.74 | 1.64 | 1.84 | 963 | |
Intended career | Animal-related | 1.81 | 1.73 | 1.89 | 378 |
Medical/research | 1.84 | 1.78 | 1.9 | 1572 | |
Education | 1.83 | 1.76 | 1.89 | 418 | |
Other | 1.83 | 1.77 | 1.9 | 2473 | |
Owned animals before 18 years old | No a | 1.91 | 1.85 | 1.98 | 2460 |
Yes b | 1.74 | 1.68 | 1.8 | 3335 | |
Currently owning animals | No a | 1.87 | 1.81 | 1.93 | 4531 |
Yes b | 1.79 | 1.72 | 1.85 | 1264 | |
Attended animal welfare lectures | No a | 1.87 | 1.81 | 1.93 | 5192 |
Yes b | 1.78 | 1.71 | 1.85 | 603 | |
Did laboratory work on animals | No a | 1.85 | 1.79 | 1.91 | 4587 |
Yes b | 1.8 | 1.74 | 1.87 | 1208 | |
Animal category | Laboratory animals | 1.94 | 1.85 | 2.03 | NA |
Farm animals | 1.91 | 1.82 | 2 | NA | |
Wild animals | 1.84 | 1.75 | 1.93 | NA | |
Cats | 1.82 | 1.73 | 1.91 | NA | |
Dogs | 1.72 | 1.63 | 1.81 | NA |
Factor | Level | Fitted Mean | Lower CI | Upper CI | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female a | 1.62 | 1.43 | 1.81 | 4158 |
Male b | 1.7 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 1619 | |
Region | Northwest a | 1.61 | 1.42 | 1.8 | 1496 |
South | 1.62 | 1.42 | 1.83 | 230 | |
North | 1.63 | 1.44 | 1.83 | 577 | |
East | 1.68 | 1.49 | 1.87 | 1666 | |
Middle | 1.68 | 1.48 | 1.87 | 622 | |
Northeast | 1.68 | 1.46 | 1.9 | 115 | |
Southwest b | 1.73 | 1.54 | 1.92 | 888 | |
Income | Low a | 1.76 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 2409 |
Medium a | 1.7 | 1.45 | 1.83 | 1458 | |
Upper medium | 1.64 | 1.57 | 1.95 | 687 | |
High b | 1.55 | 1.35 | 1.75 | 333 | |
Family size | Small | 1.61 | 1.4 | 1.81 | 1557 |
Medium | 1.68 | 1.49 | 1.87 | 2306 | |
Large | 1.7 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 1855 | |
Major | Veterinary medicine | 1.65 | 1.45 | 1.85 | 332 |
Life sciences | 1.67 | 1.47 | 1.87 | 474 | |
Engineering/ITS/Sciences | 1.60 | 1.41 | 1.8 | 1298 | |
Human health | 1.68 | 1.49 | 1.88 | 661 | |
Nurse school | 1.69 | 1.5 | 1.89 | 1158 | |
Humanities/Art/Education | 1.66 | 1.47 | 1.86 | 909 | |
Business/Finance/Law | 1.67 | 1.47 | 1.87 | 963 | |
Intended career | Animal-related | 1.62 | 1.43 | 1.82 | 378 |
Medical/research | 1.68 | 1.49 | 1.87 | 1572 | |
Education | 1.65 | 1.46 | 1.85 | 418 | |
Other | 1.68 | 1.48 | 1.87 | 2473 | |
Owned animals before 18 years old | No a | 1.75 | 1.56 | 1.94 | 2460 |
Yes b | 1.57 | 1.38 | 1.76 | 3335 | |
Currently owning animals | No a | 1.7 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 4531 |
Yes b | 1.62 | 1.43 | 1.81 | 1264 | |
Attended animal welfare lectures | No a | 1.71 | 1.52 | 1.9 | 5192 |
Yes b | 1.6 | 1.41 | 1.8 | 603 | |
Did laboratory work on animals | No a | 1.68 | 1.49 | 1.87 | 4587 |
Yes b | 1.64 | 1.44 | 1.83 | 1208 | |
Animal category | Pets | 1.62 | 1.43 | 1.81 | NA |
Wild animals | 1.63 | 1.44 | 1.82 | NA | |
Farm animals | 1.65 | 1.46 | 1.84 | NA | |
Laboratory animals | 1.75 | 1.56 | 1.94 | NA |
Factor | Level | Fitted Mean | Lower IC | Upper IC | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 4158 |
Male | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.020 | 1619 | |
Age | <20 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.011 | 2312 |
20–25 | 0.008 | 0.005 | 0.014 | 3396 | |
>25 | 0.021 | 0.007 | 0.060 | 68 | |
Region | North | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.015 | 577 |
Middle | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.016 | 622 | |
Northwest | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.020 | 1496 | |
East | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 1666 | |
South | 0.014 | 0.006 | 0.034 | 230 | |
Southwest | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.027 | 888 | |
Northeast | 0.020 | 0.008 | 0.052 | 115 | |
Income | Low | 0.015 | 0.009 | 0.025 | 2409 |
Medium | 0.015 | 0.009 | 0.025 | 1458 | |
Upper medium | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.019 | 687 | |
High | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.014 | 333 | |
Family size | Small | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.017 | 1557 |
Medium | 0.009 | 0.005 | 0.015 | 2306 | |
Large | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.024 | 1855 | |
Intended career | Animal-related | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.020 | 378 |
Medical/research | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.020 | 1572 | |
Education | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.018 | 418 | |
Other | 0.013 | 0.007 | 0.022 | 2473 | |
Owned animals before 18 years old | No a | 0.015 | 0.009 | 0.026 | 3335 |
Yes b | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 2460 | |
Currently owning animals | No | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.017 | 4531 |
Yes | 0.011 | 0.006 | 0.020 | 1264 | |
Attended animal welfare lectures | No a | 0.016 | 0.010 | 0.026 | 5192 |
Yes b | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.014 | 603 | |
Did laboratory work on animals | No a | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.025 | 4587 |
Yes b | 0.008 | 0.004 | 0.014 | 1208 |
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Platto, S.; Serres, A.; Jingyi, A. Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare. Animals 2022, 12, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020156
Platto S, Serres A, Jingyi A. Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare. Animals. 2022; 12(2):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020156
Chicago/Turabian StylePlatto, Sara, Agathe Serres, and Ai Jingyi. 2022. "Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare" Animals 12, no. 2: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020156
APA StylePlatto, S., Serres, A., & Jingyi, A. (2022). Chinese College Students’ Attitudes towards Animal Welfare. Animals, 12(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12020156