Sexual Dimorphism in the Chinese Endemic Species Hynobius maoershanensis (Urodela: Hynobiidae)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Relationship between Morphological Eigenvalues and SVL
3.2. Comparison of the Morphometric Variables of Males and Females
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Morphological Variables | Definition |
---|---|
1. Total length (TOL) | From the snout to the tail end |
2. Head length (HL) | From the rostral end to the posterior edge of the jaw joint |
3. Head width (HW) | Width of the head at its widest point |
4. Snout–vent length (SVL) | From the tip of the snout to the posterior margin of the cloaca |
5. Snout length (SL) | From the anterior border of the eye to the tip of the snout |
6. Trunk length (TRL) | Length from the neck drape to the posterior edge of the anal hole |
7. Interorbital space (IOS) | The narrowest distance between the inner margins of the left and right upper eyelids |
8. Internasal space (INS) | The distance between the two nostrils |
9. Tail length (TL) | From the posterior margin of the cloaca to the tip of the tail |
10. Tail height (TH) | The height of the tail at its highest point |
11. Tail width (TW) | The width of the tail at its widest point |
12. Forelimb length (FLL) | Length from the base of the forelimb to the longest finger end |
13. Hindlimb length (HLL) | Length from the base of the hindlimb to the end of the longest toe |
14. Space between axilla and groin (AGS) | Distance from the posterior edge of the forelimb to the anterior edge of the hindlimb |
Variables | Hynobius maoershanensis | ||
---|---|---|---|
Female (n = 9) | Male (n = 52) | p-Value | |
Mean ± SE | mean ± SE | ||
SVL | 88.61 ± 2.28 | 89.13 ± 0.71 | - |
TOL | 160.18 ± 5.63 | 167.68 ± 1.83 | <0.001 ** |
HL | 18.90 ± 1.34 | 19.82 ± 0.60 | 0.003 ** |
HW | 15.46 ± 0.69 | 17.89 ± 0.36 | <0.001 ** |
SL | 4.44 ± 0.21 | 4.77 ± 0.10 | 0.061 |
TRL | 71.47 ± 2.58 | 70.52 ± 0.81 | <0.001 ** |
IOS | 5.22 ± 0.23 | 5.74 ± 0.13 | 0.246 |
INS | 5.24 ± 0.27 | 5.42 ± 0.07 | <0.001 ** |
TL | 70.12 ± 3.69 | 78.32 ± 1.28 | <0.001 ** |
TH | 9.81 ± 0.45 | 11.74 ± 0.22 | <0.001 ** |
TW | 6.61 ± 0.34 | 7.55 ± 0.26 | <0.001 ** |
FLL | 22.24 ± 0.51 | 25.62 ± 0.29 | 0.019 * |
HLL | 25.74 ± 0.36 | 28.08 ± 0.31 | 0.007 ** |
AGS | 46.17 ± 1.84 | 43.02 ± 0.63 | <0.001 ** |
W | 20.64 ± 2.36 | 22.11 ± 0.65 | <0.001 ** |
Variables | F-Value | p-Value | Sex Bias |
---|---|---|---|
TOL | 4.743 | 0.033 | M |
HW | 8.812 | 0.004 | M |
TRL | 0.557 | 0.459 | n.s |
INS | 0.693 | 0.409 | n.s |
TL | 7.250 | 0.009 | M |
TH | 15.497 | 0.0001 | M |
TW | 2.533 | 0.117 | n.s |
FLL | 22.297 | 0.00001 | M |
HLL | 9.616 | 0.003 | M |
AGS | 6.796 | 0.012 | F |
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Chen, H.; Bu, R.; Ning, M.; Yang, B.; Wu, Z.; Huang, H. Sexual Dimorphism in the Chinese Endemic Species Hynobius maoershanensis (Urodela: Hynobiidae). Animals 2022, 12, 1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131712
Chen H, Bu R, Ning M, Yang B, Wu Z, Huang H. Sexual Dimorphism in the Chinese Endemic Species Hynobius maoershanensis (Urodela: Hynobiidae). Animals. 2022; 12(13):1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131712
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Huiqun, Rongping Bu, Meihong Ning, Bo Yang, Zhengjun Wu, and Huayuan Huang. 2022. "Sexual Dimorphism in the Chinese Endemic Species Hynobius maoershanensis (Urodela: Hynobiidae)" Animals 12, no. 13: 1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131712
APA StyleChen, H., Bu, R., Ning, M., Yang, B., Wu, Z., & Huang, H. (2022). Sexual Dimorphism in the Chinese Endemic Species Hynobius maoershanensis (Urodela: Hynobiidae). Animals, 12(13), 1712. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131712