Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Isolates
2.2. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test
2.3. PFGE and BioNumerics Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test
3.2. PFGE and Bionomics Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Isolate | Company | Farm | Source | Breed | Age (d) | Year | Case History | Location (City and Province) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A13-MRA-236 | A | A1 | Liver | Broiler | 8 | 2013 | - | Wanju, Jeonbuk |
2 | A16-LSF-020 | E | E1 | Liver | Native | 34 | 2016 | - | Buyeo, Chungnam |
3 | A16-LSF-042 | E | E2 | Liver | Layer | 360 | 2016 | FT a symptoms | Pocheon, Gyeonggi |
4 | A16-MRA-002 | A | A8 | Liver | Layer | 179 | 2016 | - | Mokpo, Jeonnam |
5 | A16-MRA-029 | A | A2 | Liver | Broiler | 25 | 2016 | FT symptoms | Gochang, Jeonbuk |
6 | A16-MRA-112 | A | A7 | Liver | Broiler | 8 | 2016 | 1240 bird deaths in 4 d | Jinan, Jeonbuk |
7 | A16-MRA-114 | A | A3 | Liver | Broiler | 9 | 2016 | Death increased suddenly from 5 d of age | Gochang, Jeonbuk |
8 | A16-MRA-115 | A | A4 | Liver | Broiler | 7 | 2016 | 1000 bird deaths within a week | Cheongyang, Chungnam |
9 | A16-MRA-116 | A | A1 | Liver | Broiler | 8 | 2016 | FT symptoms | Wanju, Jeonbuk |
10 | A16-MRA-134 | A | A5 | Liver | Broiler | 28 | 2016 | FT symptoms | Yesan, Chungnam |
11 | A16-MRA-135 | A | A6 | Liver | Broiler | 9 | 2016 | 870 bird deaths/d | Namwon, Jeonbuk |
12 | A16-OTH-010 | G | G2 | Liver | Native | 70 | 2016 | Cumulative 2000 bird deaths | Sejong, Chungnam |
13 | A16-OTH-031 | G | G3 | Liver | Layer | 245 | 2016 | From 28 weeks of old, 10–20 deaths/d | Cheonan, Chungnam |
14 | A16-OTH-059 | G | G1 | Liver | Broiler | 9 | 2016 | 1000 bird deaths in 8 days | Namwon, Jeonbuk |
15 | A17-CFR-001 | B | B4 | Liver | Broiler | 9 | 2017 | FT symptoms (Enrofloxacin administration) | Namwon, Jeonbuk |
16 | A17-ISHD-002 | D | D1 | Liver | Native | 44 | 2017 | 10 bird deaths/d | Jeongeup, Jeonbuk |
17 | A17-MRA-023 | A | A7 | Liver | Layer | 245 | 2017 | - | Jinan, Jeonbuk |
18 | A17-ISHD-003 | D | D1 | Liver | Native | 57 | 2017 | 50–60 bird deaths (Enrofloxacin administration) | Jeongeup, Jeonbuk |
19 | A17-MRA-037 | A | A2 | Liver | Native | 95 | 2017 | Bronze liver, enlarged spleen, and FT symptoms | Nonsan, Chungnam |
20 | A17-LSF-011 | E | E1 | Liver | Native | 49 | 2017 | 229 bird deaths in 5 d | Buyeo, Chungnam |
21 | A17-CFR-012 | B | B1 | Liver | Broiler | 18 | 2017 | 3.1% mortality, 10 bird deaths/d | Imsil, Jeonbuk |
22 | A17-CFR-014 | B | B2 | Liver | Broiler | 8 | 2017 | Liver enlargement, hemorrhage, and necrosis | Buan, Jeonbuk |
23 | A17-DW-005 | C | C1 | Liver | Broiler | 10 | 2017 | 4% mortality within one week | Namwon, Jeonbuk |
24 | A17-DW-009 | C | C3 | Liver | Broiler | 9 | 2017 | 1300 bird deaths in 9 d | Gimje, Jeonbuk |
25 | A17-CFR-015 | B | B2 | Liver | Broiler | 8 | 2017 | 50 bird deaths/d | Buan, Jeonbuk |
26 | A17-CFR-016 | B | B3 | Liver | Broiler | 7 | 2017 | Death increased from 7 d old | Gochang, Jeonbuk |
27 | A18-DW-004 | C | C2 | Liver | Broiler | 10 | 2018 | FT symptoms | Buyeo, Chungnam |
28 | A18-GCVP-014 | F | F2 | Liver | Layer | 457 | 2018 | 0.28% mortality within one week; FT symptoms | Pocheon, Gyeonggi |
29 | A18-GCVP-016 | F | F1 | Liver | Layer | 35 | 2018 | - | Pocheon, Gyeonggi |
30 | A18-MRA-014 | A | A9 | Liver | Layer | 237 | 2018 | - | Changnyeong, Gyeongnam |
Year | Isolates | Antimicrobial Resistance Profile | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pattern No. | Antimicrobials a | |||||||||||
2013 (n = 1) | A13-MRA-236 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | ||||
2016 (n = 13) | A16-MRA-112 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | ||||
A16-MRA-114 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-MRA-115 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-MRA-116 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-MRA-134 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-MRA-135 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-OTH-059 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A16-LSF-020 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A16-LSF-042 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A16-MRA-029 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A16-OTH-031 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A16-MRA-002 | 3 | STR | FIS | COL | ||||||||
A16-OTH-010 | 4 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | CHL | AMP | TET | FFC | ||
2017 (n = 12) | A17-CFR-001 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | ||||
A17-MRA-037 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-CFR-012 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-CFR-014 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-DW-005 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-DW-009 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-CFR-015 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-CFR-016 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A17-ISHD-002 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A17-MRA-023 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A17-ISHD-003 | 5 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | GEN | ||||||
A17-LSF-011 | 5 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | GEN | ||||||
2018 (n = 4) | A18-GCVP-014 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | ||||
A18-GCVP-016 | 1 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | GEN | |||||
A18-DW-004 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
A18-MRA-014 | 2 | STR | FIS | COL | NAL | CIP | ||||||
Total (n = 30) | 30/30 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) | 30/30 (100%) | 29/30 (96.7%) | 27/30 (90.0%) | 20/30 (66.7%) | 1/30 (3.3%) | 1/30 (3.3%) | 1/30 (3.3%) | 1/30 (3.3%) |
Antimicrobial Resistance Categories | No. of Classes | No. of Antimicrobials | No. of Isolates Shown Resistance (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 (n = 1) | 2014 (n = 0) | 2015 (n = 0) | 2016 (n = 13) | 2017 (n = 12) | 2018 (n = 4) | Total (n) | |||
AMGs-SAs-Qs-POLs-FQs-PHs-BLAs-TETs | 8 | 9 | - | - | - | 1 (7.7) | - | - | 1 |
AMGs-SAs-Qs-POLs-FQs, | 5 | 6 | 1 (100) | - | - | 7 (53.8) | 8 (66.7) | 2 (50.0) | 18 |
5 | 5 | - | - | - | 4 (30.8) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (50.0) | 8 | |
AMGs-SAs-Qs-POLs | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | 2 (16.7) | - | 2 |
AMGs-SAs-POLs | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | 1 (7.7) | - | - | 1 |
Total (%) | - | - | 1 (100) | - | - | 13 (100) | 12 (100) | 4 (100) | 30 |
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Zhang, J.-F.; Shang, K.; Park, J.-Y.; Lee, Y.-J.; Choi, Y.-R.; Kim, S.-W.; Cha, S.-Y.; Jang, H.-K.; Wei, B.; Kang, M. Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018. Animals 2022, 12, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010083
Zhang J-F, Shang K, Park J-Y, Lee Y-J, Choi Y-R, Kim S-W, Cha S-Y, Jang H-K, Wei B, Kang M. Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018. Animals. 2022; 12(1):83. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010083
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jun-Feng, Ke Shang, Jong-Yeol Park, Yea-Jin Lee, Yu-Ri Choi, Sang-Won Kim, Se-Yeoun Cha, Hyung-Kwan Jang, Bai Wei, and Min Kang. 2022. "Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018" Animals 12, no. 1: 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010083
APA StyleZhang, J.-F., Shang, K., Park, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-J., Choi, Y.-R., Kim, S.-W., Cha, S.-Y., Jang, H.-K., Wei, B., & Kang, M. (2022). Antimicrobial Resistance and PFGE Molecular Typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chickens in South Korea from 2013 to 2018. Animals, 12(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12010083