Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Clinical Investigations
2.3. Determination of Endotoxemia
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Examination
3.2. Endotoxemia
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group 1 | Group 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient Code 1 | Age | Sex | Patient Code 2 | Age | Sex |
1.1 | 48 months | Male | 2.1 | 7 months | Male |
1.2 | 20 months | Female | 2.2 | 69 months | Female |
1.3 | 50 months | Female | 2.3 | 4 months | Male |
1.4 | 24 months | Female | 2.4 | 24 months | Male |
1.5 | 17 months | Female | 2.5 | 53 months | Male |
2.6 | 36 months | Male |
DAY/EXPERIMENTAL TIME | ACTIVITIES | |
---|---|---|
Day 0 | Blood collection 1: pre-meal | Clinical examination, collection of biological samples |
Blood collection 2: 6 h post-meal | ||
Blood collection 3: 12 h post-meal | ||
DAY 1–DAY 30 → PROBIOTIC ADMINISTRATION | ||
Day 31 | Blood collection 1: pre-meal | Clinical examination, collection of biological samples |
Blood collection 2: 6 h post-meal | ||
Blood collection 3: 12 h post-meal |
Endotoxemia Evaluation Moment | Group 1 1 (n = 5) | Group 2 2 (n = 6) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-A 3 (Day 0) | Post-A 4 (Day 31) | Pre-A (Day 0) | Post-A (Day 31) | ||
Pre-meal 5 mean ± SD | 0.4653 ± 0.113 | 0.3677 ± 0.226 | 0.2958 ± 0.168 | 0.2192 ± 0.241 | |
Post-meal 6 mean ± SD | 6 h | 0.4730 ± 0.172 | 0.3878 ± 0.232 | 0.2880 ± 0.200 | 0.1872 ± 0.145 |
12 h | 0.4586 ± 0.149 | 0.3641 ± 0.242 | 0.2713 ± 0.170 | 0.1494 ± 0.070 |
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Matei, M.-C.; Andrei, S.M.; Buza, V.; Cernea, M.S.; Dumitras, D.A.; Neagu, D.; Rafa, H.; Popovici, C.P.; Szakacs, A.R.; Catinean, A.; et al. Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model. Animals 2021, 11, 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051367
Matei M-C, Andrei SM, Buza V, Cernea MS, Dumitras DA, Neagu D, Rafa H, Popovici CP, Szakacs AR, Catinean A, et al. Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model. Animals. 2021; 11(5):1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051367
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatei, Maria-Catalina, Sanda Maria Andrei, Victoria Buza, Mihai Sorin Cernea, Daria Antonia Dumitras, Daniela Neagu, Horatiu Rafa, Cristian Paul Popovici, Andrei Radu Szakacs, Adrian Catinean, and et al. 2021. "Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model" Animals 11, no. 5: 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051367
APA StyleMatei, M.-C., Andrei, S. M., Buza, V., Cernea, M. S., Dumitras, D. A., Neagu, D., Rafa, H., Popovici, C. P., Szakacs, A. R., Catinean, A., Stefanut, E., & Stefanut, L. C. (2021). Natural Endotoxemia in Dogs—A Hidden Condition That Can Be Treated with a Potential Probiotic Containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Pediococcus acidilactici: A Study Model. Animals, 11(5), 1367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051367