The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Site
2.2. Skeletal Remains of the Dogs
2.3. Estimation of Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI)
2.4. Morphometry
2.5. Estimation of Height at Withers and Body Weight
2.6. Estimation of Age
2.7. Estimation of Sex
2.8. Examination of Pathology
2.9. Examination of Butchery Marks
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dog Breeds | Number | Dog Breeds | Number |
---|---|---|---|
French bulldog | 1 | St. Bernard | 2 |
Pekingese | 1 | Rotweiller | 2 |
Boxer | 3 | Kangal dog | 3 |
Terrier | 3 | Irish setter | 1 |
Cocker spaniel | 1 | German shepherd | 5 |
Clumber spaniel | 1 | Pointer | 1 |
Canaan dog | 1 | Siberian husky | 1 |
Great Dane | 1 | Doberman | 3 |
Mastiff | 1 | Mixbreed | 6 |
Early-Middle Iron Age | Late Iron Age | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeological Context | Workshop Complex | Pit 2 | Pit 1 | Well 1 | Structure B | Pit 4 | Structure A | Courtyard | Structure A | Courtyard | Architectural Remains | ||||||||
Trench | D 23 | E 23 | F 23 | E 24 | F 24 | E 27 | F 27 | E 32 | F 28 | E-F 29 | F 29 | E 30 | E 31 | E 28 | E 29 | F 30 | F 31 | F 32 | NISP |
Skull | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||
Mandible | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |||||||||||
Atlas | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Axis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Sacrum | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Scapula | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Humerus | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 | ||||||||||
Radius | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Ulna | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Metacarpus | 7 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 20 | ||||||||||||
Pelvis | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Baculum | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Femur | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Patella | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
Tibia | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 16 | ||||||||||
Fibula | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Calcaneus | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Talus | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Metatarsus | 5 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 | |||||||||||||
Total | 38 | 15 | 47 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 143 |
Individual No. | Number of Bones |
---|---|
ALB No. 1 | 45 |
ALB No. 2 | 1 |
ALB No. 3 | 1 |
ALB No. 4 | 1 |
ALB No. 5 | 1 |
ALB No. 6 | 1 |
ALB No. 7 | 37 |
ALB No. 8 | 1 |
ALB No. 9 | 1 |
ALB miscellaneous | 54 |
NISP | 143 |
Individual No. | Sex | Height at Withers | Body Weight |
---|---|---|---|
ALB No. 1 | Female | 60.90 | 39.19 |
H, R, Fe, Ti | H, Fe | ||
ALB No. 2 | Male | 57.46 | 27.77 |
H, R, Fe, Ti | H, Fe | ||
ALB No. 3 | Undetermined | 43.64 | |
Fe | |||
ALB No. 4 | Undetermined | 59.46 | 29.67 |
H | H | ||
ALB No. 5 | Undetermined | 60.43 | |
R | |||
ALB No. 6 * | Undetermined | 21.54 | |
H | |||
ALB No. 7 | Male | 64.23 | 45.44 |
H, R, U, Fe, Ti | H, Fe |
Skull | Humerus | Radius | Ulna | Femur | Tibia | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | TL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | |
ALB No. 1 | 2 | 184.76 * | 0.481 | 2 | 183.65 * | 0.246 | 2 | 201.24 * | 0.675 | 2 | 204.42 * | 0.521 | ||||||
ALB No. 2 | 1 | 175.25 | −0.600 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 4 | 1 | 181.09 | 0.064 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 5 | 1 | 183.91 | 0.269 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 7 | 1 | 195.04 | 1.648 | 2 | 192.65 * | 1.032 | 2 | 226.71 * | 1.468 | 1 | 214.12 | 1.778 | 2 | 219.32 * | 1.680 | |||
ALB No. 8 | 1 | 165.87 | −2.637 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 9 | 1 | 198.61 | 0.089 | |||||||||||||||
YT M6 ** | 18 | 199.24 | 35 | 180.52 | 49 | 180.72 | 37 | 205.81 | 37 | 192.9 | 45 | 197.48 | ||||||
YT M5 *** | 1 | 206.55 | 1 | 166.86 | 1 | 168.43 | 1 | 185.35 | 1 | 181.61 | 1 | 180.23 |
Skull | Humerus | Radius | Ulna | Femur | Tibia | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | TL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | N | GL | Z Score | |
ALB No. 1 | 2 | 184.76 * | 0.217 | 2 | 183.65 * | 0.113 | 2 | 201.24 * | 0.204 | 2 | 204.42 * | 0.182 | ||||||
ALB No. 2 | 1 | 175.25 | −0.051 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 4 | 1 | 181.09 | 0.114 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 5 | 1 | 183.91 | 0.119 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 7 | 1 | 195.04 | 0.507 | 2 | 192.65 * | 0.334 | 2 | 226.71 * | 0.364 | 1 | 214.12 | 0.517 | 2 | 219.32 * | 0.525 | |||
ALB No. 8 | 1 | 165.87 | −1.113 | |||||||||||||||
ALB No. 9 | 1 | 198.61 | −0.141 | |||||||||||||||
Modern dog ** | 37 | 204.49 | 176.29 | 178.45 | 208.92 | 192.04 | 195.67 |
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Siddiq, A.B.; Onar, V.; Mutuş, R.; Poradowski, D. The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. Animals 2021, 11, 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041163
Siddiq AB, Onar V, Mutuş R, Poradowski D. The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. Animals. 2021; 11(4):1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041163
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiddiq, Abu B., Vedat Onar, Rıfat Mutuş, and Dominik Poradowski. 2021. "The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia" Animals 11, no. 4: 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041163
APA StyleSiddiq, A. B., Onar, V., Mutuş, R., & Poradowski, D. (2021). The Iron Age Dogs from Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. Animals, 11(4), 1163. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041163