Effect of Silage Diet (Sweet Sorghum vs. Whole-Crop Corn) and Breed on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Lambs
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Animal Dietary Management
2.2. Feed Chemical Composition Analysis
2.3. Slaughter Procedure and Carcass Traits
2.4. Physical-Chemical Analysis of Meat
2.5. Meat Hydrolysate Amino Acids Profiles
2.6. Intramuscular Fatty Acid Profiles
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Nutrient Intake
3.2. Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics.
3.3. Physical–Chemical Characteristics of Meat
3.4. Meat Hydrolysate Amino Acids Profiles
3.5. Intramuscular Fatty Acid Profiles
4. Discussion
4.1. Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics
4.2. Physical–Chemical Characteristics of Meat
4.3. Meat Hydrolysate Amino Acids Profiles
4.4. Intramuscular Fatty Acid Profiles
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item 1 | Silage 2 | Alfalfa Pellet 3 | Concentrate 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sweet Sorghum | Whole-Crop Corn | |||
OM | 937.56 | 940.67 | 897.81 | 887.74 |
CP | 37.30 | 41.70 | 84.00 | 154.00 |
NDF | 672.53 | 556.99 | 620.61 | 191.43 |
ADF | 416.08 | 339.95 | 424.79 | 83.94 |
Starch | 18.00 | 81.30 | 20.10 | 150.00 |
ADL | 32.20 | 19.00 | 79.90 | 9.60 |
TP | 21.37 | ND | NA | NA |
CT | 13.48 | ND | NA | NA |
Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg) | 6.71 | 7.99 | 7.29 | 12.04 |
Item 1 | DP 2 | TH 3 | SEM 4 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | WS | SS | WS | Diet | Breed | Diet × Breed | ||
Feed intake (kg/day on dry matter basis) | ||||||||
Silage | 0.51 b | 0.61 a | 0.46 c | 0.58 a | 0.014 | <0.001 | 0.447 | 0.338 |
Alfalfa | 0.11 a | 0.11 a | 0.09 b | 0.09 b | 0.003 | 0.510 | 0.005 | 0.445 |
Concentrate | 0.36 b | 0.38 a | 0.28 c | 0.29 c | 0.008 | 0.134 | <0.001 | 0.171 |
Nutrient intake (g/day on dry matter basis) | ||||||||
OM | 897.20 b | 1011.45 a | 754.63 c | 886.60 b | 18.990 | <0.001 | 0.526 | 0.253 |
CP | 83.67 b | 92.92 a | 67.21 d | 76.70 c | 1.873 | <0.001 | 0.046 | 0.408 |
NDF | 481.20 | 483.12 | 415.29 | 435.21 | 7.256 | 0.401 | 0.419 | 0.215 |
ADF | 289.91 | 250.82 | 287.64 | 260.08 | 4.300 | 0.736 | 0.418 | 0.208 |
Starch | 65.24 c | 108.55 a | 51.76 d | 92.95 b | 4.332 | <0.001 | 0.072 | 0.428 |
ADL | 28.81 a | 24.21 b | 24.30 b | 20.93 c | 0.582 | <0.001 | 0.388 | 0.105 |
TP | 10.90 | ND | 14.40 | ND | 1.249 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
CT | 6.83 | ND | 6.19 | ND | 0.632 | <0.001 | 0.341 | 0.021 |
Metabolizable energy (MJ/day) | 8.56 | 10.24 a | 7.06 d | 8.82 b | 0.226 | <0.001 | 0.174 | 0.355 |
Item 1 | DP 2 | TH 3 | SEM 4 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | WS | SS | WS | Diet | Breed | Diet × Breed | ||
Growth performance | ||||||||
Initial weight (kg) | 33.20 a | 33.59 a | 25.96 b | 25.44 b | 0.797 | 0.648 | <0.001 | 0.639 |
Final weight (kg) | 45.31 a | 49.41 a | 34.76 c | 40.31 b | 1.301 | <0.001 | 0.660 | 0.444 |
ADFI (kg/day DM) | 0.98 b | 1.10 a | 0.82 c | 0.96 b | 0.021 | <0.001 | 0.689 | 0.225 |
ADG (g/day) | 113.69 b | 164.73a | 91.64 b | 154.91 a | 8.499 | <0.001 | 0.377 | 0.501 |
F/G | 9.11 ab | 6.89b | 10.00 a | 6.68 b | 0.496 | 0.003 | 0.105 | 0.365 |
Carcass traits | ||||||||
Slaughter weight (kg) | 44.39 ab | 47.79 a | 32.38 c | 38.08 b | 1.580 | 0.018 | 0.163 | 0.993 |
HCW (kg) | 21.74 b | 24.48 a | 17.76 c | 19.29 c | 0.696 | 0.020 | 0.353 | 0.807 |
Dressing percentage (%) | 59.81 | 57.58 | 58.69 | 55.92 | 0.705 | 0.262 | 0.064 | 0.849 |
Back fat thickness (mm) | 5.04 | 4.93 | 5.31 | 3.33 | 0.378 | 0.133 | 0.858 | 0.120 |
Loin muscle area (cm2) | 19.51 a | 15.69 ab | 15.97 ab | 14.04 b | 0.893 | 0.050 | 0.465 | 0.693 |
Item 1 | DP 2 | TH 3 | SEM 4 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | WS | SS | WS | Diet | Breed | Diet × Breed | ||
Chemical composition (% on dry matter basis) | ||||||||
Protein | 71.90 | 71.33 | 74.16 | 72.85 | 1.613 | 0.801 | 0.612 | 0.920 |
IMF | 19.99 ab | 23.33 a | 18.07 b | 20.83 ab | 0.696 | 0.018 | 0.070 | 0.800 |
Ash | 4.36 | 3.61 | 4.24 | 4.10 | 0.129 | 0.080 | 0.450 | 0.223 |
Meat pH | ||||||||
pH45 min | 6.04 b | 5.91 b | 6.64 a | 5.92 b | 0.092 | 0.002 | 0.015 | 0.019 |
pH24 h | 5.66 a | 5.75 a | 5.70 a | 5.47 b | 0.034 | 0.059 | 0.035 | <0.001 |
Meat Color | ||||||||
L* | 51.20 b | 54.04 b | 53.96 b | 61.77 a | 1.288 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.241 |
a* | 22.67 b | 24.46 b | 25.09 b | 32.15 a | 1.113 | 0.007 | 0.003 | 0.077 |
b* | 11.28 b | 14.99 b | 12.30 b | 22.98 a | 1.751 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Drip loss (%) | 1.25 | 1.44 | 1.33 | 1.68 | 0.132 | 0.202 | 0.538 | 0.703 |
Cooking loss (%) | 36.43 | 34.78 | 36.46 | 36.66 | 0.502 | 0.495 | 0.372 | 0.386 |
Shear force (N) | 2.50 ab | 2.05 b | 2.65 a | 2.65 a | 0.099 | 0.212 | 0.048 | 0.207 |
Amino Acids 1 | DP 2 | TH 3 | SEM 4 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | WS | SS | WS | Diet | Breed | Diet × Breed | ||
Total EAA | 340.14 | 280.57 | 302.98 | 290.66 | 11.390 | 0.120 | 0.561 | 0.290 |
Isoleucine | 39.46 | 31.76 | 34.52 | 34.59 | 1.313 | 0.119 | 0.614 | 0.169 |
Leucine | 65.08 | 52.54 | 58.04 | 55.88 | 2.273 | 0.115 | 0.677 | 0.254 |
Lysine | 71.38 | 57.72 | 63.41 | 60.90 | 2.495 | 0.115 | 0.624 | 0.264 |
Methionine | 11.95 | 11.81 | 9.92 | 12.07 | 1.197 | 0.709 | 0.743 | 0.670 |
Phenylalanine | 33.38 | 27.55 | 29.80 | 23.42 | 1.177 | 0.098 | 0.280 | 0.938 |
Threonine | 36.10 | 29.35 | 32.50 | 31.63 | 1.270 | 0.149 | 0.793 | 0.257 |
Valine | 42.72 | 34.98 | 37.99 | 37.51 | 1.349 | 0.132 | 0.674 | 0.180 |
Tryptophan | 11.62 | 10.30 | 10.57 | 11.00 | 0.359 | 0.557 | 0.817 | 0.267 |
Histidine | 28.43 | 23.55 | 26.13 | 24.17 | 1.153 | 0.169 | 0.725 | 0.544 |
Total NEAA | 548.22 | 454.46 | 487.55 | 477.59 | 17.826 | 0.159 | 0.596 | 0.248 |
Arginine | 47.89 | 39.96 | 43.33 | 42.33 | 1.621 | 0.191 | 0.740 | 0.304 |
Tyrosine | 22.94 | 19.52 | 21.41 | 20.64 | 0.788 | 0.217 | 0.902 | 0.424 |
Alanine | 52.05 | 40.55 | 41.47 | 40.14 | 2.197 | 0.135 | 0.195 | 0.229 |
Aspartic acid | 78.80 | 64.02 | 69.64 | 69.44 | 2.601 | 0.155 | 0.712 | 0.166 |
Cystine | 19.12 | 17.99 | 17.71 | 17.24 | 0.519 | 0.477 | 0.340 | 0.767 |
Glutamic acid | 143.52 | 118.16 | 128.60 | 125.69 | 4.859 | 0.162 | 0.703 | 0.259 |
Glycine | 33.64 | 30.28 | 31.70 | 31.17 | 1.043 | 0.398 | 0.817 | 0.537 |
Proline | 121.22 | 99.46 | 106.46 | 104.66 | 4.132 | 0.165 | 0.560 | 0.234 |
Serine | 29.04 | 24.51 | 27.22 | 26.29 | 1.001 | 0.208 | 0.990 | 0.400 |
TAA | 888.36 | 734.03 | 790.52 | 768.26 | 29.061 | 0.149 | 0.533 | 0.245 |
E/T (%) | 38.29 | 38.06 | 38.33 | 37.82 | 0.188 | 0.370 | 0.812 | 0.733 |
E/N (%) | 62.06 | 61.44 | 62.18 | 60.88 | 0.482 | 0.374 | 0.834 | 0.747 |
DAA | 367.84 | 304.78 | 324.67 | 320.83 | 11.743 | 0.164 | 0.559 | 0.213 |
FAA | 256.49 | 210.66 | 229.97 | 223.90 | 8.738 | 0.153 | 0.703 | 0.265 |
BCAA | 147.27 | 119.28 | 130.64 | 127.47 | 4.929 | 0.120 | 0.659 | 0.208 |
Fatty Acids 1 | DP 2 | TH 3 | SEM 4 | p Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | WS | SS | WS | Diet | Breed | Diet × Breed | ||
Total SFA | 51.10 b | 50.55 b | 50.28 b | 55.51 a | 0.740 | 0.027 | 0.043 | 0.010 |
C10:0 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.005 | 0.149 | 0.456 | 0.617 |
C12:0 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.008 | 0.823 | 0.107 | 0.940 |
C14:0 | 2.20 b | 2.50 a | 1.97 c | 2.37 b | 0.095 | 0.077 | 0.346 | 0.790 |
C15:0 | 0.28 a | 0.24 b | 0.26 ab | 0.22 b | 0.011 | 0.036 | 0.359 | 0.950 |
C16:0 | 25.11 b | 27.12 a | 25.91 b | 27.51 a | 0.427 | 0.039 | 0.460 | 0.797 |
anteiso-C17:0 | 2.19 a | 1.95 b | 2.07 a | 1.91 b | 0.048 | 0.043 | 0.398 | 0.658 |
C17:0 | 1.36 | 1.23 | 1.35 | 1.26 | 0.041 | 0.252 | 0.788 | 0.943 |
C18:0 | 20.62 | 19.06 | 19.56 | 21.20 | 0.396 | 0.954 | 0.478 | 0.051 |
Total MUFA | 43.36 b | 46.71 a | 46.25 a | 41.88 b | 0.696 | 0.547 | 0.265 | <0.001 |
C17:1 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.019 | 0.101 | 0.608 | 0.897 |
C18:1n9t | 2.14 b | 1.55 c | 2.67 a | 1.17 c | 0.173 | <0.001 | 0.655 | 0.022 |
C18:1n9c | 41.47 | 43.75 | 41.58 | 41.55 | 0.563 | 0.341 | 0.373 | 0.328 |
Total PUFA | 4.12 a | 2.35 c | 3.46 b | 2.60 c | 0.223 | <0.001 | 0.284 | 0.032 |
C18:2n6c | 3.67 a | 2.26 b | 2.88 ab | 2.41 b | 0.166 | <0.001 | 0.127 | 0.034 |
C18:3n-6 | 0.08 a | 0.06 b | 0.07 a | 0.09 a | 0.006 | 0.036 | 0.009 | <0.001 |
C18:3n-3 | 0.38 a | 0.22 b | 0.31 ab | 0.23 b | 0.022 | 0.003 | 0.388 | 0.186 |
P/S | 0.08 a | 0.05 b | 0.06 ab | 0.05 b | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.144 | 0.169 |
n-6/n-3 | 10.01 | 8.4 | 9.90 | 11.00 | 0.593 | 0.617 | 0.668 | 0.510 |
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Wu, P.; Fu, X.; Wang, H.; Hou, M.; Shang, Z. Effect of Silage Diet (Sweet Sorghum vs. Whole-Crop Corn) and Breed on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Lambs. Animals 2021, 11, 3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113120
Wu P, Fu X, Wang H, Hou M, Shang Z. Effect of Silage Diet (Sweet Sorghum vs. Whole-Crop Corn) and Breed on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Lambs. Animals. 2021; 11(11):3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113120
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Pu, Xiaoyue Fu, Hucheng Wang, Mingjie Hou, and Zhanhuan Shang. 2021. "Effect of Silage Diet (Sweet Sorghum vs. Whole-Crop Corn) and Breed on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Lambs" Animals 11, no. 11: 3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113120