B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals Selection
2.2. Ultrasonographic Study
2.3. B-Mode Ultrasonography—Prostate Gland
2.4. Doppler Ultrasonography—Prostate Gland
2.5. B-Mode Ultrasonography—Testes
2.6. Doppler Ultrasonography—Testes
2.7. Indications for Inclusion and BPH Confirmation
2.8. Drugs and Schedule
2.9. Study Design
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prostate B-Mode Appearance
3.2. Doppler Ultrasonography of the Prostatic Artery
3.3. Testicles B-Mode Appearance
3.4. Doppler Ultrasonography of the Testicular Artery
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Group I—Healthy Dogs | Control Group II—Dogs with BPH | |||||||||||||||||||||
Background Echotexture | Parenchymal Stippling | General Apperance | Focal Changes | Background Echotexture | Parenchymal Stippling | General Apperance | Focal Changes | |||||||||||||||
N | HI | HY | R | C | I | HO | HE | CY | M | fHY | N | HI | HY | R | C | I | HO | HE | CY | M | fHY | |
D0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
D7 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
D14 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
D21 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
W+8 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
W+12 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
W+16 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
W+20 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
W+24 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 90% | 10% | 0 |
Experimental Group III—Deslorelin Acetate | Experimental Group IV—Osaterone Acetate | |||||||||||||||||||||
Background echotexture | Parenchymal stippling | General apperance | Focal changes | Background echotexture | Parenchymal stippling | General apperance | Focal changes | |||||||||||||||
N | HI | HY | R | C | I | HO | HE | CY | M | fHY | N | HI | HY | R | C | I | HO | HE | CY | M | fHY | |
D0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 7% | 93% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 |
D7 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 20% | 80% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 |
D14 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 20% | 80% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 20% | 80% | 0 | 10% | 90% | 0 | 20% | 80% | 80% | 0 | 0 |
D21 | 0 | 100% | 0 | 27% | 73% | 0 | 0 | 100% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 40% | 60% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 50% | 0 | 0 |
W+8 | 40% | 33% | 27% | 87% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 77% | 33% | 33% | 0 | 0 | 40% | 60% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 0 | 60% | 40% | 40% | 0 | 0 |
W+12 | 40% | 0 | 60% | 87% | 0 | 13% | 93% | 7% | 7% | 0 | 0 | 40% | 60% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 0 | 60% | 40% | 40% | 0 | 0 |
W+16 | 7% | 0 | 93% | 20% | 0 | 80% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 50% | 0 | 0 |
W+20 | 7% | 0 | 93% | 20% | 0 | 80% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20% | 80% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 50% | 50% | 50% | 0 | 0 |
W+24 | 7% | 0 | 93% | 20% | 0 | 80% | 100% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 30% | 70% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Group | D0 | D7 | D14 | D21 | W + 8 | W + 12 | W + 16 | W + 20 | W + 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | |||||||||
Mean | 15.58 | 16.06 | 14.82 | 14.84 | 16.12 | 15.77 | 16.26 | 16.87 | 17.5 |
SD | 3.48 | 3.53 | 2.97 | 2.65 | 2.46 | 2.8 | 3.62 | 3.42 | 3.63 |
Range | 11.55–20.8 | 12.46–21.61 | 11.35–20.34 | 11.49–19.35 | 12.61–19.09 | 12.55–19.21 | 12.03–22.11 | 12.41–23.88 | 13.53–24.6 |
II | |||||||||
Mean | 18.26 | 19.04 | 19.1 | 19.24 | 19.05 | 20.67 | 21.47 | 21.93 | 20.44 |
SD | 4.1 | 4.72 | 4.23 | 4.7 | 4 | 5.83 | 6.63 | 7.01 | 6.5 |
Range | 12.82–23.32 | 12.4–26.7 | 12.64–23.84 | 11.88–26.91 | 13.47–24.63 | 13.93–29.84 | 11.97–36.55 | 12.24–34.5 | 11.75–31.52 |
III | |||||||||
Mean | 39.39 | 39.11 | 32.05 | 28.35 | 14.65 * | 11.62 * | 10.7 * | 9.6 * | 9.26 * |
SD | 31.26 | 26.15 | 19.16 | 20.62 | 7.9 | 5.4 | 3.41 | 1.72 | 1.47 |
Range | 11.13–115.91 | 16.01–106.49 | 12.88–80.79 | 11.76–92.57 | 8.44–40.94 | 8.5–30.58 | 7.82–21.83 | 7.88–14.52 | 7.7–12.61 |
IV | |||||||||
Mean | 24.07 | 20.74 | 14.7 & | 13.21 * | 13.68 * | 13.65 * | 13.79 * | 14.7 & | 18.57 |
SD | 9.82 | 6.96 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 4.09 | 3.72 | 4.12 | 5.3 | 9.55 |
Range | 10.29–38.48 | 10.91–32.7 | 8.42–22.5 | 8.3–16.78 | 8.48–19.83 | 8.73–21.53 | 8–19.5 | 8.5–25.11 | 7.61–38.3 |
Groups Compared | D7 | D14 | D21 | W + 8 | W + 12 | W + 16 | W + 20 | W + 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I C–II C | 0.92020 | 0.04165 & | 0.18131 | 0.62421 | 0.01137 & | 0.08641 | 0.14046 | 0.95508 |
II C–III T | 0.91166 | 0.03259 & | 0.00279 * | <0.00001 * | 0.00003 * | 0.00003 * | <0.00001 * | <0.00001 * |
II C–IV T | 0.01195 & | <0.00001 * | <0.00001 * | <0.00001 * | 0.00016 * | 0.00016 * | 0.00016 * | 0.06155 |
III T–IV T | 0.02650 & | 0.00116 * | 0.01486 & | 0.07162 | 0.00616 * | 0.00141 * | 0.00072 * | 0.00024 * |
Groups | D7 | D14 | D21 | W + 8 | W + 12 | W + 16 | W + 20 | W + 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
III | 0.85193 | 0.41862 | 0.37251 | 0.00264 * | 0.04882 * | 0.46792 | 0.41862 | 0.46792 |
IV | 0.39270 | 0.02959 * | 0.35476 | 0.76735 | 0.98397 | 0.93458 | 0.67268 | 0.27672 |
Group | D0 | D7 | D14 | D21 | W+8 | W+12 | W+16 | W+20 | W+24 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | SPV | Vmean | |
I | ||||||||||||||||||
Mean | 24.68 a | 8.5 | 24.95 a | 7.23 a | 22.91 a | 7.12 a | 23.51 a | 7.75 a | 24.82 a | 8.04 a | 22.93 a | 7.60 a | 22.94 a | 7.86 a | 24.13 a | 8.21 a | 24.82 a | 8.04 a |
SD | 1.4 | 2.12 | 2.44 | 1.29 | 2.56 | 1.19 | 3.11 | 1.39 | 3.743 | 2.01 | 3.19 | 1.055 | 3.53 | 1.69 | 3.58 | 1.84 | 3.74 | 2.01 |
SE | 23.1–27.28 | 6.34–13.6 | 21.3–29.53 | 6.02–10.53 | 18.65–27.5 | 5.78–9.24 | 16.18–26.43 | 5.44–10.6 | 30.53–18.03 | 3.7–11.03 | 17.95–25.34 | 6.05–9.74 | 15.9–27.95 | 5.37–11.53 | 19.48–32.27 | 5.48–11.47 | 20.98–26.02 | 6.7–8.48 |
II | ||||||||||||||||||
Mean | 34.22 b | 10.11 | 34.71 b | 10.84 b | 35.16 b | 10.43 b | 35.17 b | 10.48 b | 38.69 b | 10.49 b | 33.82 b | 9.46 b | 32.74 b | 8.88 a | 36.00 b | 10.16 b | 35.21 b | 10.10 b |
SD | 4.34 | 1.51 | 5.60 | 3.18 | 6.85 | 1.7 | 5.81 | 2.014 | 7.29 | 2.3 | 4.97 | 1.756 | 4.41 | 1.57 | 5.920 | 2.41 | 6.14 | 1.87 |
SE | 24.88–38.88 | 7.13–11.76 | 25.78–44.38 | 5.58–15.23 | 25.54–45.62 | 7.9–12.94 | 27.9–39.6 | 7.1–13.73 | 31.48–52.72 | 7.84–15.84 | 27.9–46.23 | 8.18–13.9 | 29–44.7 | 6.13–11.26 | 25.88–47.47 | 5.85–12.37 | 26.98–45.7 | 7.7–14.35 |
III | ||||||||||||||||||
Mean | 33.65 cb | 10.06 | 31.66 cb | 9.64 cb | 27.57 c | 8.27 a | 26.56 ac | 8.42 a | 20.13 c | 6.63 a | 18.85 c | 6.35 c | 17.52 c | 5.50 b | 18.24 c | 5.97 c | 17.7 c | 6.02 c |
SD | 6.83 | 1.70 | 6.87 | 1.85 | 4.47 | 1.75 | 5.23 | 2.14 | 3.05 | 1.38 | 3.15 | 1.66 | 1.85 | 1.14 | 2.39 | 1.454 | 2.91 | 1.36 |
SE | 21.22–45.37 | 7–13.37 | 19.98–45.37 | 6.4–12.73 | 20.9–34.03 | 5.78–11.73 | 18.55–33.87 | 5.84–13.76 | 16.3–27.8 | 5.08–9.36 | 14.7–25.83 | 4.52–11.28 | 15.24–19.05 | 3.22–8.22 | 14.62–21.93 | 3.84–9.35 | 14.36–25.08 | 3.73–7.64 |
IV | ||||||||||||||||||
Mean | 34.36 dbc | 9.98 | 26.16 a | 8.12 a | 23.98 ac | 7.28 a | 20.99 ad | 6.5 c | 21.05 dc | 6.74 a | 23.59 a | 6.85 ac | 23.25 a | 7.52 a | 22.14 a | 6.95 ac | 23.48 a | 7.87 a |
SD | 7.66 | 2.21 | 2.91 | 1.98 | 4.32 | 1.5 | 2.91 | 0.86 | 3.13 | 1.57 | 3.55 | 1.58 | 5.13 | 1.94 | 3.61 | 1.34 | 4.43 | 2.09 |
SE | 17.8–42.87 | 7.5–12.23 | 22.7–31.29 | 6.3–11.57 | 17.27–31.96 | 6.13–10.25 | 16.36–26.8 | 5.36–8.26 | 14.87–25.3 | 3.83–8.92 | 18.96–25.96 | 5.28–9.98 | 17.92–31.13 | 5.34–10.88 | 17.46–29.4 | 5.7–10.27 | 16–29.92 | 3.7–11.22 |
Group | D0 | D7 | D14 | D21 | W + 8 | W + 12 | W + 16 | W + 20 | W + 24 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | |||||||||
Mean | 8.43 | 10.51 | 8.01 | 7.86 | 8.62 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.25 | 8.45 |
SD | 3.49 | 7.59 | 3.02 | 3.03 | 3.23 | 2.49 | 3.43 | 3.2 | 3.34 |
Range | 5.06–15.07 | 5.33–29.3 | 5.0–13.62 | 5.1–13.68 | 5.85–14.61 | 5.68–13.1 | 4.98–14.12 | 4.92–13.14 | 5.28–13.65 |
II | |||||||||
Mean | 4.47 | 4.71 | 4.7 | 4.66 | 4.98 | 4.87 | 4.99 | 4.9 | 5.27 |
SD | 2.2 | 2.81 | 2.69 | 2.89 | 3.38 | 2.8 | 3.04 | 2.7 | 3.15 |
Range | 1.56–8.24 | 1.65–10.29 | 1.25–9.51 | 0.85–10.42 | 0.85–12.1 | 1.05–10.41 | 1.4–11.45 | 0.98–9.82 | 1.4–12.01 |
III | |||||||||
Mean | 10.22 | 10.75 | 10.12 | 9.23 | 6.97 | 4.92 * | 3.69 * | 3.85 * | 3.68 * |
SD | 4.93 | 5.67 | 4.72 | 4.18 | 4.3 | 3.85 | 2.18 | 2.5 | 2.26 |
Range | 3.58–22.8 | 3.6–24.85 | 3.6–20.12 | 3.18–17.79 | 1.41–15.38 | 1.2–17.07 | 0.84–8.9 | 0.88–9.28 | 0.79–8.4 |
IV | |||||||||
Mean | 11.61 | 10.43 | 10.53 | 10.68 | 10.47 | 11.25 | 10.6 | 10.23 | 11.28 |
SD | 7.03 | 5.95 | 6.53 | 6.37 | 6.44 | 6.94 | 6.58 | 6.05 | 7.78 |
Range | 2.02–24.22 | 2.43–20.42 | 2.4–23.8 | 2.83–21.15 | 2.1–20.23 | 2.7–17.63 | 2.02–23.07 | 2.0–21.04 | 1.93–21.42 |
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Niżański, W.; Ochota, M.; Fontaine, C.; Pasikowska, J. B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate. Animals 2020, 10, 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122379
Niżański W, Ochota M, Fontaine C, Pasikowska J. B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate. Animals. 2020; 10(12):2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122379
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiżański, Wojciech, Małgorzata Ochota, Christelle Fontaine, and Joanna Pasikowska. 2020. "B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate" Animals 10, no. 12: 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122379
APA StyleNiżański, W., Ochota, M., Fontaine, C., & Pasikowska, J. (2020). B-Mode and Doppler Ultrasonographic Findings of Prostate Gland and Testes in Dogs Receiving Deslorelin Acetate or Osaterone Acetate. Animals, 10(12), 2379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122379