Interactions between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Eggs and Egg Storage
2.3. Egg Quality
2.4. Incubation
2.5. Hatchling Quality
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Egg Quality
3.2. Hatching Results
3.3. Hatchling Quality
4. Discussion
4.1. Egg Characteristics
4.2. Hatching Results
4.3. Hatchling Quality
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Egg Weight, g | Albumen Height, mm | Yolk Diameter, mm | Thick Albumen Diameter, mm | Yolk, % 1 | Albumen, % 1 | Shell, % 1 | Albumen pH | Yolk pH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage (day) | |||||||||
2 | 63.9 | 7.87 | 42.9 c | 81.2 c | 31.0 | 60.3 | 8.91 ab | 9.14 | 6.14 |
5 | 64.0 | 7.69 | 43.7 b | 88.5 b | 31.2 | 59.7 | 9.11 a | 9.22 | 6.16 |
12 | 63.8 | 7.59 | 44.1 ab | 91.7 ab | 31.7 | 59.5 | 8.86 ab | 9.32 | 6.20 |
19 | 64.7 | 7.45 | 44.3 a | 95.4 a | 31.3 | 59.8 | 8.83 b | 9.42 | 6.22 |
SEM | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Age (week) | |||||||||
31 | 58.8 c | 8.34 a | 41.4 c | 82.6 c | 29.5 c | 61.3 a | 9.13 a | 9.21 | 6.18 |
42 | 62.8 b | 7.69 b | 43.6 b | 89.6 b | 30.9 b | 60.1 b | 9.14 a | 9.33 | 6.17 |
66 | 70.7 a | 6.91 c | 46.2 a | 95.4 a | 33.5 a | 58.0 c | 8.52 b | 9.29 | 6.19 |
SEM | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Storage × age | |||||||||
2 × 31 | 58.3 | 8.33 | 40.9 | 76.3 | 29.3 | 61.6 | 9.05 | 9.08 g | 6.13 d |
2 × 42 | 63.2 | 8.34 | 42.9 | 80.4 | 31.2 | 59.9 | 9.26 | 9.20 e | 6.15 bd |
2 × 66 | 70.2 | 6.95 | 44.8 | 86.9 | 32.4 | 59.2 | 8.42 | 9.14 f | 6.14 cd |
5 × 31 | 59.1 | 8.47 | 41.2 | 80.7 | 29.1 | 61.5 | 9.35 | 9.15 f | 6.14 cd |
5 × 42 | 62.7 | 7.70 | 43.3 | 87.1 | 30.7 | 60.0 | 9.25 | 9.28 d | 6.15 bcd |
5 × 66 | 70.1 | 6.91 | 46.5 | 97.7 | 33.7 | 57.6 | 8.72 | 9.24 e | 6.20 ab |
12 × 31 | 58.4 | 8.40 | 41.6 | 85.6 | 30.0 | 60.9 | 9.12 | 9.23 e | 6.21 a |
12 × 42 | 62.5 | 7.35 | 44.3 | 94.9 | 30.9 | 60.0 | 9.04 | 9.39 b | 6.18 ad |
12 × 66 | 70.6 | 7.01 | 46.5 | 94.5 | 34.1 | 57.5 | 8.43 | 9.33 c | 6.19 ac |
19 × 31 | 59.5 | 8.18 | 42.0 | 87.6 | 29.7 | 61.3 | 9.00 | 9.37 bc | 6.24 a |
19 × 42 | 62.6 | 7.38 | 44.0 | 96.1 | 30.6 | 60.4 | 9.00 | 9.45 a | 6.20 ab |
19 × 66 | 72.0 | 6.78 | 47.0 | 102.7 | 33.7 | 57.8 | 8.50 | 9.45 a | 6.21 a |
SEM | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
p-values | |||||||||
Storage | 0.46 | 0.23 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.0001 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
Storage × age | 0.70 | 0.43 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.76 | 0.005 | 0.003 |
Albumen DM, % 1 | Yolk DM, % 1 | |
---|---|---|
Storage (day) | ||
2 | 12.78 | 50.30 |
5 | 12.79 | 49.78 |
12 | 12.80 | 49.28 |
19 | 12.80 | 48.78 |
SEM | 0.06 | 0.12 |
Age (week) | ||
31 | 13.25 a | 48.48 |
42 | 12.86 b | 49.74 |
66 | 12.26 c | 50.37 |
SEM | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Storage × age | ||
2 × 31 | 13.32 | 48.52 dg |
2 × 42 | 12.84 | 50.93 a |
2 × 66 | 12.19 | 51.44 a |
5 × 31 | 13.26 | 48.05 fg |
5× 42 | 12.73 | 49.96 b |
5 × 66 | 12.38 | 51.32 a |
12 × 31 | 13.20 | 48.84 cdf |
12 × 42 | 12.99 | 49.46 bdg |
12 × 66 | 12.21 | 49.54 bc |
19 × 31 | 13.22 | 48.53 dg |
19 × 42 | 12.90 | 48.62 ceg |
19 × 66 | 12.28 | 49.19 bde |
SEM | 0.10 | 0.20 |
p-values | ||
Storage | 1.00 | <0.001 |
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Storage × age | 0.39 | <0.001 |
Apparent Fertility, % 1 | Hatchability of Set, % 2 | Hatchability of Fertile, % 3 | Early Mortality (Day 1–7), % | Middle Mortality (Day 8–17), % | Late Mortality (Day 18–21), % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage (day) | ||||||
2 | 89.0 ab | 84.7 ab | 90.91 a | 2.39 | 0.73 | 0.85 |
5 | 92.4 a | 85.7 a | 92.97 a | 3.16 | 0.46 | 2.67 |
12 | 90.9 a | 83.5 b | 92.37 a | 4.12 | 1.35 | 1.60 |
19 | 87.8 b | 74.1 c | 85.71 b | 8.94 | 1.89 | 2.94 |
SEM | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.26 | 0.72 | 0.21 | 0.36 |
Age (week) | ||||||
31 | 97.1 a | 91.0 a | 94.10 a | 3.31 | 0.72 | 1.24 b |
42 | 96.6 a | 89.9 a | 93.73 a | 3.04 | 0.85 | 1.40 b |
66 | 76.3 b | 65.0 b | 83.64 b | 7.90 | 1.82 | 3.68 a |
SEM | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.65 | 0.19 | 0.30 |
Storage × age | ||||||
2 × 31 | 96.0 | 93.4 | 95.58 | 2.32 a | 0.77 b | 0.52 |
2 × 42 | 95.8 | 93.2 | 95.09 | 2.89 a | 0.17 b | 0.52 |
2 × 66 | 75.2 | 67.5 | 82.06 | 3.51 ab | 0.69 b | 2.18 |
5 × 31 | 99.5 | 94.0 | 95.11 | 2.19 bdj | 0.77 b | 1.69 |
5 × 42 | 98.4 | 93.2 | 95.29 | 2.31 bdj | 0.60 b | 1.72 |
5 × 66 | 79.5 | 70.0 | 88.52 | 4.97 cdk | 0.89 b | 4.59 |
12 × 31 | 97.6 | 93.0 | 95.69 | 2.24 bj | 0.17 b | 1.21 |
12 × 42 | 97.2 | 91.2 | 94.98 | 2.68 bj | 0.34 b | 0.69 |
12 × 66 | 77.9 | 66.2 | 86.42 | 7.44 c | 0.87 b | 2.91 |
19 × 31 | 95.4 | 83.8 | 90.02 | 6.96 c | 0.67 b | 1.61 |
19 × 42 | 95.2 | 82.3 | 89.56 | 5.59 cj | 1.31 b | 2.85 |
19 × 66 | 72.8 | 56.3 | 77.54 | 14.28 k | 2.05 a | 4.36 |
SEM | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.86 | 0.27 | 0.52 |
p-values | ||||||
Storage | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Storage × day | 0.57 | 0.50 | 0.39 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.21 |
Effect | Hatchling Weight, g | Residual Yolk Weight, g | YFBM, g 1 | Heart, % of YFBM | Liver, % of YFBM | Intestine, % of YFBM | Stomach, % of YFBM | Hatchling Length, cm | Pasgar Score | Yolk Efficiency, % 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Storage (day) | ||||||||||
5 | 44.82 | 5.14 b | 39.69 | 0.88 | 4.00 a | 4.96 | 6.83 a | 20.29 a | 9.8 | 74.3 a |
19 | 44.99 | 7.18 a | 37.79 | 0.87 | 3.55 b | 4.44 | 6.50 b | 19.87 b | 9.7 | 64.9 b |
SEM | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.93 |
Age (week) | ||||||||||
31 | 40.87 | 5.83 b | 35.04 | 0.90 a | 3.84 | 4.71 | 6.48 | 19.60 c | 9.9 a | 66.6 a |
42 | 44.00 | 5.60 b | 38.40 | 0.90 a | 3.79 | 4.79 | 6.79 | 20.17 b | 9.9 a | 70.8 b |
66 | 49.83 | 7.04 a | 42.79 | 0.84 b | 3.69 | 4.6 | 6.71 | 20.47 a | 9.5 b | 71.5 b |
SEM | 0.50 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 1.15 |
Storage × Age | ||||||||||
5 × 31 | 40.32 a | 4.63 | 35.70 a | 0.91 | 4.02 | 5.18 a | 6.63 | 19.83 | 9.9 | 73.1 |
5 × 42 | 45.28 b | 4.75 | 40.53 b | 0.90 | 4.00 | 5.01 ab | 7.07 | 20.37 | 10.0 | 75.3 |
5 × 66 | 48.86 cd | 6.03 | 42.83 c | 0.83 | 3.98 | 4.69 ac | 6.78 | 20.68 | 9.7 | 74.4 |
19 × 31 | 41.41 a | 7.03 | 34.38 a | 0.88 | 3.66 | 4.24 c | 6.34 | 19.37 | 9.9 | 60.1 |
19 × 42 | 42.71 ac | 6.45 | 36.26 a | 0.90 | 3.58 | 4.57 bc | 6.51 | 19.98 | 9.8 | 66.2 |
19 × 66 | 50.79 d | 8.05 | 42.74 c | 0.84 | 3.40 | 4.51 bc | 6.64 | 20.27 | 9.4 | 68.5 |
SEM | 0.72 | 0.34 | 0.53 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.6 | 1.62 |
p-values | ||||||||||
Storage | 0.81 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.61 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.42 | <0.001 |
Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.07 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 |
Storage × Age | 0.005 | 0.59 | <0.001 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.89 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
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Share and Cite
Nasri, H.; van den Brand, H.; Najar, T.; Bouzouaia, M. Interactions between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality. Animals 2020, 10, 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101719
Nasri H, van den Brand H, Najar T, Bouzouaia M. Interactions between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality. Animals. 2020; 10(10):1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101719
Chicago/Turabian StyleNasri, Hedia, Henry van den Brand, Taha Najar, and Moncef Bouzouaia. 2020. "Interactions between Egg Storage Duration and Breeder Age on Selected Egg Quality, Hatching Results, and Chicken Quality" Animals 10, no. 10: 1719. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101719