In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains, Phages, and Growth Conditions
2.2. Host Range Determination
2.3. Phage DNA Isolation, Sequencing, and Analysis of the Genome of Phage JK1
2.4. The Effect of Various pH and Simulated Gastric Fluid
2.5. In Vivo Phage Therapy Test Using the Galleria Mellonella Model
2.5.1. Bacterial Inoculum and Phage Cocktail
2.5.2. Testing of Phage Cocktail against a Single Strain and against a Pool of the Strains
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of the Phages Comprising the Cocktail
3.2. Evaluation of O-Antigens as Phage Receptors
3.3. Stability Is Highly Phage-Specific
3.4. In Vivo Testing Reveals the Potential of Prophylactic Treatment of Multi-Strain E. coli Infections
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kaczorowska, J.; Casey, E.; Lugli, G.A.; Ventura, M.; Clarke, D.J.; van Sinderen, D.; Mahony, J. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091869
Kaczorowska J, Casey E, Lugli GA, Ventura M, Clarke DJ, van Sinderen D, Mahony J. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091869
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaczorowska, Joanna, Eoghan Casey, Gabriele A. Lugli, Marco Ventura, David J. Clarke, Douwe van Sinderen, and Jennifer Mahony. 2021. "In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091869