Effects of Atrazine on Chernozem Microbial Communities Evaluated by Traditional Detection and Modern Sequencing Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Soil Samples
2.2. Determination of Atrazine Residue in Soil
2.3. Determination of Soil Enzyme Activity
2.4. Functional Diversity of Soil Microbial Community
2.5. Determination of Bacterial Population and Abundance in Soil
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Residue Dynamics of Atrazine in Different Plough Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
3.1.1. Determination of Standard Addition Recovery Test
3.1.2. Residue Changes of Atrazine in Different Plough Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
3.2. Effect of Atrazine on Enzyme Activity in Chernozem
3.3. Effect of Atrazine on Carbon Utilization of Microbial Community in Chernozem in Cold Region
3.3.1. Average Color Change Rate (AWCD) of Soil Microorganisms in Plough Layers in Different Periods
3.3.2. Correlation between Soil Microbial Community, Enzyme Activity, Carbon Source Utilization, and Atrazine Residue
3.4. Effects of Atrazine on Bacterial Diversity in Cultivated Soil Layers
3.4.1. Effects of Atrazine on Bacterial Composition in Tillage Soil Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
3.4.2. Effect of Atrazine on Diversity of Single Samples in Different Plough Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
3.4.3. Effects of Atrazine on Diversity of Multiple Samples in Different Plough Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
4. Discussion
4.1. Dynamic Residue of Atrazine in Different Plough Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
4.2. Effect of Atrazine on Enzyme Activity in Cultivated Soil Layers of Chernozem in Cold Region
4.3. Effects of Atrazine on Carbon Source Utilization of Microbial Community in Cold Chernozem
4.4. Effects of Atrazine on Bacterial Population and Abundance in Cultivated Soil Layers
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | |
A | 1 | ||||||||||||||
B | −0.023 | 1 | |||||||||||||
C | −0.242 | 0.261 | 1 | ||||||||||||
D | 0.387 | 0.542 ** | 0.032 | 1 | |||||||||||
E | 0.216 | 0.613 ** | 0.13 | 0.728 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
F | −0.161 | −0.112 | 0.306 | −0.439 * | −0.0242 | 1 | |||||||||
G | 0.096 | 0.228 | 0.104 | 0.532 ** | 0.417 | −0.620 ** | 1 | ||||||||
H | 0.227 | 0.088 | −0.456 * | 0.174 | 0.043 | −0.443 * | −0.084 | 1 | |||||||
J | −0.093 | −0.218 | −0.268 | −0.048 | −0.212 | −0.221 | −0.1 | −0.255 | 1 | ||||||
K | −0.219 | 0.055 | 0.124 | −0.165 | 0.049 | −0.153 | −0.328 | 0.295 | −0.029 | 1 | |||||
L | 0.209 | 0.009 | 0.069 | −0.044 | −0.007 | 0.065 | 0.041 | −0.045 | −0.583 ** | −0.272 | 1 | ||||
M | 0.410 * | 0.32 | 0.074 | 0.638 ** | 0.271 | −0.324 | 0.269 | 0.261 | 0.054 | −0.281 | 0.016 | 1 | |||
N | −0.486 * | −0.551 ** | 0.022 | −0.723 ** | −0.620 ** | 0.304 | −0.582 ** | 0.053 | 0.103 | 0.342 | −0.107 | −0.394 | 1 | ||
O | 0.006 | −0.363 | −0.092 | −0.38 | −0.523 ** | 0.036 | −0.488 * | 0.32 | 0.115 | 0.187 | 0.056 | 0.099 | 0.682 ** | 1 | |
P | 0.411* | −0.29 | −0.235 | −0.2 | −0.337 | −0.045 | −0.432 * | 0.515 * | −0.083 | 0.308 | 0.087 | 0.116 | 0.375 | 0.608 ** | 1 |
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Yang, F.; Gao, M.; Lu, H.; Wei, Y.; Chi, H.; Yang, T.; Yuan, M.; Fu, H.; Zeng, W.; Liu, C. Effects of Atrazine on Chernozem Microbial Communities Evaluated by Traditional Detection and Modern Sequencing Technology. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091832
Yang F, Gao M, Lu H, Wei Y, Chi H, Yang T, Yuan M, Fu H, Zeng W, Liu C. Effects of Atrazine on Chernozem Microbial Communities Evaluated by Traditional Detection and Modern Sequencing Technology. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(9):1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091832
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Fengshan, Mengying Gao, Honggang Lu, Yuning Wei, Huiting Chi, Tai Yang, Mingrui Yuan, Haiyan Fu, Weimin Zeng, and Chunguang Liu. 2021. "Effects of Atrazine on Chernozem Microbial Communities Evaluated by Traditional Detection and Modern Sequencing Technology" Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1832. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091832