Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers Employed in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Lombardy, Northern Italy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Population, and Design
2.2. Laboratory Procedures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG Antibodies
3.3. Cumulative Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | |
---|---|
Age, mean (std) | 44 (10.7) |
Female, n (%) | 1459 (77.1) |
Professional category, n (%) | |
Physicians | 411 (21.7) |
Nurses a | 818 (43.2) |
Support staff | 272 (14.3) |
Lab technician/Other technicians | 24 (1.3) |
Psychologist. healthcare assistant | 20 (1.1) |
Other health personnel b | 216 (11.4) |
Pharmacists. employees | 132 (7) |
Working in a COVID-19 unit/ER, n (%) | 1008 (53.2) |
Comorbidities c, n (%) | 613 (32.4) |
Pregnancy, n (%) | 22 (1.2) |
Underlying immunosuppression, n (%) | 45 (2.4) |
Close contact with confirmed COVID-19 case, n (%) | 1098 (58) |
Close contact with suspected COVID-19 case, n (%) | 736 (38.9) |
Reporting COVID-19 compatible symptoms, n (%) | 922 (48.7) |
Previously diagnosed with positive SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR, n (%) | 290 (22.4) d |
Hospitalization among symptomatic subject, n (%) | 24/922 (2.6) |
Medical ward | 20/922 (2.2) |
ICU | 4/922 (0.4) |
Radiologic evidence of viral pneumonia, n (%) | 48/112 e (42.9) |
Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 28/922 (3) |
Variables | Serological Test | OR (95% CI) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive Ab (n = 433) | Negative Ab (n = 1460) | |||
Age, mean (std) | 45 (11) | 44 (11) | 0.013c | |
Female, n (%) | 330 (76.2) | 1129 (77.3) | 0,9 (0.7;1.2) | 0.6 d |
Working in a COVID-19 unit/ER, n (%) | 234 (54) | 774 (53) | 1.04 (0.8; 1.3) | 0.7 d |
Comorbidities, n (%) | 141 (32.6) | 472 (32.3) | 1 (0.8; 1.3) | 0.9 d |
Pregnancy, n (%) | 7 (1.6) | 15 (1) | 1.6 (0.6; 3.9) | 0.3 d |
Underlying immunosuppression, n (%) | 12 (2.8) | 33 (2.3) | 1.2 (0.6; 2.4) | 0.6 d |
Chronic steroid therapy, n (%) | 4 (0.9) | 18 (1.2) | 0.7 (0.2; 2.2) | 0.8 d |
Other immunosuppressive therapy, n (%) | 7 (1.6) | 14 (1) | 1.7 (0.7; 4.2) | 0.3 d |
COVID-19 compatible signs/symptoms, n (%) | 377 (87) | 545 (37.3) | 11.3 (8.4; 15.2) | <0.0001d |
Duration of signs and symptoms (in days), mean (std) | 25 (24) | 20 (21) | 0.001c | |
Delay time between signs and symptoms onset and serology test (in days), mean (std) | 48 (14) | 49 (18) | 0.3 c | |
Previously diagnosed with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR a, n (%) | 248 (61) | 42 (4.7) | 10.1 (6.7; 15.2) | <0.0001d |
Radiologic evidence of viral pneumonia b, n (%) | 46 (12.2) | 2 (0.37) | 37.7 (9; 156.4) | <0.0001d |
Oxygen therapy b, n (%) | 17 (4.5) | 1 (0.2) | 25 (3.4; 193) | <0.0001d |
Hydroxychloroquine treatment, n (%) | 63 (14.5) | 23 (1.6) | 10.6 (6.5; 17.4) | <0.0001d |
Close contact with confirmed COVID-19 case, n (%) | 284 (65.6) | 814 (55.7) | 1.5 (1.2; 1.9) | <0.0001d |
Close contact with suspected COVID-19 case, n (%) | 231 (53.4) | 505 (34.6) | 2.2 (1.7; 2.7) | <0.0001d |
Serological Test | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Negative Ab | Positive Ab | |||
COVID-19 compatible symptoms | 545 | 377 | 11.3 (8.4; 15.2) | <0.0001 |
Fever, n (%) | 167 (30.6) | 234 (62) | 3.7 (2.8; 4.8) | <0.0001 |
Fatigue, n (%) | 341 (62.6) | 314 (83.3) | 3 (2.2; 4.1) | <0.0001 |
Headache, n (%) | 278 (51) | 214 (56.8) | 1.3 (0.9; 1.6) | 0.09 |
Myalgia, n (%) | 215 (39.4) | 245 (65) | 2.9 (2.2; 3.7) | <0.0001 |
Cough, n (%) | 175 (31.1) | 183 (48.5) | 2 (1.5; 2.6) | <0.0001 |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 70 (12.8) | 124 (32.8) | 3.3 (2.4; 4.6) | <0.0001 |
Anosmia, n (%) | 47 (8.6) | 218 (57.8) | 14.5 (10.1; 20.8) | <0.0001 |
Ageusia, n (%) | 59 (10.8) | 212 (56.2) | 10.6 (7.5; 14.8) | <0.0001 |
Conjunctivitis, n (%) | 73 (13.4) | 42 (11.1) | 0.8 (0.5; 1.2) | 0.4 |
Rhinitis, n (%) | 162 (29.7) | 117 (31) | 1.1 (0.8; 1.4) | 0.7 |
Gastrointestinal discomfort, n (%) | 157 (28.8) | 149 (39.5) | 1.6 (1.2; 2.1) | 0.001 |
Dermatological lesions, n (%) | 18 (3.3) | 30 (8) | 2.5 (1.4; 4.6) | 0.002 |
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Comelli, A.; Focà, E.; Sansone, E.; Tomasi, C.; Albini, E.; Quiros-Roldan, E.; Tomasoni, L.R.; Sala, E.; Bonfanti, C.; Caccuri, F.; et al. Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers Employed in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030488
Comelli A, Focà E, Sansone E, Tomasi C, Albini E, Quiros-Roldan E, Tomasoni LR, Sala E, Bonfanti C, Caccuri F, et al. Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers Employed in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(3):488. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030488
Chicago/Turabian StyleComelli, Agnese, Emanuele Focà, Emanuele Sansone, Cesare Tomasi, Elisa Albini, Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Lina Rachele Tomasoni, Emma Sala, Carlo Bonfanti, Francesca Caccuri, and et al. 2021. "Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers Employed in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Lombardy, Northern Italy" Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030488
APA StyleComelli, A., Focà, E., Sansone, E., Tomasi, C., Albini, E., Quiros-Roldan, E., Tomasoni, L. R., Sala, E., Bonfanti, C., Caccuri, F., Caruso, A., De Palma, G., & Castelli, F. (2021). Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers Employed in a Large Tertiary Hospital in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Microorganisms, 9(3), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030488