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Microorganisms
Volume 9
Issue 12
10.3390/microorganisms9122596
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Article

Incidence of Histoplasmosis in a Cohort of People with HIV: From Estimations to Reality

by
Narda Medina
1,†,
Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela
2,†,
Luis Aguirre
1,†,
Luis R. Salazar
1,†,
Osmar Gamboa
1,†,
Oscar Bonilla
3,†,
Juan C. Pérez
3,†,
Eduardo Arathoon
1,3,†,
David W. Denning
2,4,5,† and
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
2,6,*
1
Asociación de Salud Integral, Guatemala City 01001, Guatemala
2
Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, 01564 Geneva, Switzerland
3
Clínica Familiar “Luis Ángel García”, Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City 01001, Guatemala
4
The National Aspergillosis Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
5
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
6
Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This work was stated by the authors on behalf of Fungired.
Academic Editors: Raquel Sabino and Cristina Veríssimo
Microorganisms 2021, 9(12), 2596; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122596
Received: 10 November 2021 / Revised: 6 December 2021 / Accepted: 11 December 2021 / Published: 16 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections)
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Abstract

Among people with HIV, histoplasmosis represents an important cause of mortality. Previous studies provided estimates of the disease incidence. Here, we compared those estimates with the results obtained from a screening program implemented in Guatemala, which included histoplasmosis detection for people with HIV. To compare the results of this program with previous estimations, a literature search was performed and reports concerning histoplasmosis incidence were analyzed. The screening program enrolled 6366 patients. The overall histoplasmosis incidence in the screening program was 7.4%, which was almost double that estimated in previous studies. From 2017 to 2019, the screening program showed an upward trend in histoplasmosis cases from 6.5% to 8.8%. Histoplasmosis overall mortality among those who were newly HIV diagnosed showed a decrease at 180 days from 32.8% in 2017 to 21.2% in 2019. The screening approach using rapid diagnostic assays detects histoplasmosis cases more quickly, allowing a specific treatment to be administered, which decreases the mortality of the disease. Therefore, the use of these new techniques, especially in endemic areas of histoplasmosis, must be implemented. View Full-Text
Keywords: histoplasmosis; antigen; HIV; opportunistic infections histoplasmosis; antigen; HIV; opportunistic infections
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style

Medina, N.; Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L.; Aguirre, L.; Salazar, L.R.; Gamboa, O.; Bonilla, O.; Pérez, J.C.; Arathoon, E.; Denning, D.W.; Alastruey-Izquierdo, A. Incidence of Histoplasmosis in a Cohort of People with HIV: From Estimations to Reality. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122596

AMA Style

Medina N, Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Aguirre L, Salazar LR, Gamboa O, Bonilla O, Pérez JC, Arathoon E, Denning DW, Alastruey-Izquierdo A. Incidence of Histoplasmosis in a Cohort of People with HIV: From Estimations to Reality. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(12):2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122596

Chicago/Turabian Style

Medina, Narda, Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela, Luis Aguirre, Luis R. Salazar, Osmar Gamboa, Oscar Bonilla, Juan C. Pérez, Eduardo Arathoon, David W. Denning, and Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo. 2021. "Incidence of Histoplasmosis in a Cohort of People with HIV: From Estimations to Reality" Microorganisms 9, no. 12: 2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122596

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