Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 Cannot Colonize the Gastrointestinal Tract of Crucian Carp
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacteria Strains and Culture Condition
2.2. Experiment Diet
2.3. Experiment Design and Rearing Conditions
2.4. Monitoring Lc and Thermophiles in Water
2.5. Experiment 1: The Improved, Highly Sensitive Selective Culture Method
2.5.1. Gastrointestine Homogenate Preparations
2.5.2. Dynamics of Lc and the Transit Marker in the Gastrointestinal Tract
2.6. Experiment 2: 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing Method (16S)
2.7. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Effect of 100% Water Renewal on Interfering Bacteria
3.2. Effect of Sterilizing the Feed with 60Co Irradiation
3.3. Selective Culture for LAB and Gs
3.4. The Concentration of Lc Changes in the GI Tract of Crucian Carp
3.5. Relative Abundance Changes of Lc and Gs in the Crucian Carp Gastrointestine
4. Discussion
4.1. Elimination Interference Is Essential for Colonization
4.2. The Improved, Highly Sensitive Selective Culture Combined with a Transit Marker Is a Suitable Method for the Study of Colonization in Fish
4.3. Monitored Relative Abundance Changes by High-Throughput Sequencing
4.4. Lc ATCC 393 Cannot Colonize the Gastrointestinal Tract
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Proximate Composition | Proportion/% |
---|---|
Crude protein | not less than 33.0 |
Crude lipid | not less than 5.0 |
Crude fibre | not more than 8.0 |
Crude ash | not more than 15.0 |
Total phosphorus | not less than 1.1 |
Appendix B
Feed | General Heterotrophic Bacteria/Lg cell Concentration | Lactic Acid Bacteria/Lg cell Concentration | Thermophiles/Lg cell Concentration |
---|---|---|---|
No.1 | 4.84 ± 0.35 | 3.21 ± 0.57 | 4.00 ± 0.65 |
No.2 | 5.50 ± 0.41 | 2.56 ± 0.21 | 4.22 ± 0.19 |
No.3 | 4.29 ± 0.24 | 4.16 ± 0.15 | 3.80 ± 0.21 |
No.4 | 6.48 ± 0.39 | 2.37 ± 0.10 | 4.37 ± 0.28 |
No.5 | 4.70 ± 0.36 | 2.37 ± 0.10 | 2.94 ± 0.35 |
Appendix C
Feed | Lg cell Concentration | |
---|---|---|
Beginning | End | |
L.casei/G. stearothermophilus (Experiment 1) | 7.0/6.9 | 6.8/6.8 |
L.casei/G. stearothermophilus (Experiment 2) | 9.3/8.0 | 9.1/8.0 |
Appendix D
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Zhang, H.; Mu, X.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Li, Y.; Mu, Y.; Song, J.; Xia, L. Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 Cannot Colonize the Gastrointestinal Tract of Crucian Carp. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2547. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122547
Zhang H, Mu X, Wang H, Wang H, Wang H, Li Y, Mu Y, Song J, Xia L. Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 Cannot Colonize the Gastrointestinal Tract of Crucian Carp. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(12):2547. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122547
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Hongyu, Xiyan Mu, Hongwei Wang, Haibo Wang, Hui Wang, Yingren Li, Yingchun Mu, Jinlong Song, and Lei Xia. 2021. "Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 393 Cannot Colonize the Gastrointestinal Tract of Crucian Carp" Microorganisms 9, no. 12: 2547. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122547