Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Vapors on Microbial Dynamics and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Rocket and Melon Stored under Different Packaging Conditions and Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials, Methods and Data Treatments
2.1. Bacterial Strains and Culture Conditions
2.2. Essential Oil
2.3. In situ Impact of Lemongrass Oil Vapors on Microbiota Development
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
Parameter | Air | Air & EO 1 | Air & Lm 2 | Air & EO & Lm | MAMA | MAMA & EO | MAMA & Lm | MAMA & EO & Lm | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial 3 | Final 4 | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | |
0 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM 5 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 5.70 (0.44) a | 6.50 (0.41) a | 6.24 (0.37) a | 6.69 (0.08) a | 6.32 (0.11) a | 6.70 (0.47) a | 5.93 (0.02) a | 6.01 (0.24) a | 5.50 (0.30) a | 6.05 (0.43) a | 5.45 (0.63) a | 6.02 (0.45) a | 5.69 (0.36) a | 6.58 (0,52) b | 5.60 (0.36) a | 6.30 (0.22) b |
Enterococci | 3.15 (0.15) a | 3.31 (0.28) a | <2 | <2 | 2.20 (0.10) a | 2.68 (0.40) a | 2.95 (0.54) a | <2 b | 2.54 (0.15) a | 3.54 (0.38) b | 2.32 (0.10) a | 2.42 (0.12) a | 2.77 (0.25) a | 3.20 (0.21) b | 2.77 (0.24) a | 3.58 (0.41) b |
Enterobacteriaceae | 3.59 (0.11)a | 4.33 (0.30) b | 3.80 (0.10) a | 4.42 (0.38) a | 3.30 (0.34) a | 4.40 (0.20) b | 3.39 (0.28) a | 4.40 (0.25) b | 3.20 (0.20) a | 4.57 (0.32) b | 4.40 (0.17) a | 5.10 (0.25) b | 4.30 (0.50) a | 4.50 (0.30) a | 3.80 (0.20) a | 4.30 (0.27) b |
Pseudomonas spp. | 4.50 (0.30) a | 7.90 (0.23) b | 4.56 (0.32) a | 7.97 (0.29) b | 4.25 (0.21) a | 7.40 (0.30) b | 4.36 (0.66) a | 7.32 (0.24) b | 4.50 (0.20) a | 6.80 (0.39) b | 4.02 (0.53) a | 6.40 (0.40) b | 4.50 (0.24) a | 6.60 (0.25) b | 5.00 (0.63) a | 6.80 (0.45) b |
LAB 6 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.96 (0.33) a | 3.68 (0.50) a | 3.55 (0.49) a | 3.20 (0.24) a | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.50 (0.39) a | 4.21 (0.44) a | 4.20 (0.11) a | 3.80 (0.30) a |
TAMC 7 | 6.46 (0.20) a | 8.50 (0.27) b | 6.30 (0.04) a | 8.51 (0.60) b | 6.69 (0.35) a | 8.20 (0.25) b | 5.98 (0.23) a | 8.20 (0.23) b | 5.52 (0.53) a | 7.80 (0.20) b | 5.66 (0.36) a | 7.75 (0.32) b | 6.30 (0.36) a | 7.42 (0.42) b | 6.39 (0.30) a | 7.23 (0.23) b |
5 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 9 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 5.80 (0.04) a | 6.50 (0.26) b | 5.07 (0.07) a | 6.66 (0.33) b | 5.25 (0.31) a | 6.10 (0.18) a | 5.93 (0.12) a | 6.39 (0.54) a | 5.86 (0.32) a | 6.32 (0.54) a | 5.58 (0.36) a | 6.00 (0.55) a | 5.69 (0.52) a | 6.86 (0.22) b | 5.69 (0.33) a | 6.50 (0.65) a |
Enterococci | 3.15 (0.15) a | 2.30 (0.10) b | 2.47 (0.12) a | <2 b | 2.20 (0.12) a | 2.60 (0.30) a | 2.92 (0.32) a | <2 b | 2.46 (0.15) a | 3.68 (0.58) b | 2.20 (0.15) a | 2.40 (0.20) a | 2.77 (0.24) a | 2.40 (0.22) a | 2.77 (0.36) a | 2.30 (0.22) a |
Enterobacteriaceae | 3.59 (0.11) a | 5.40 (0.68) b | 3.80 (0.10) a | 4.85 (0.15) a | 3.30 (0.34) a | 4.32 (0.14) b | 3.39 (0.58) a | 4.80 (0.54) a | 3.20 (0.58) a | 4.85 (0.54) b | 4.20 (0.36) a | 5.24 (0.44) b | 4.30 (0.25) a | 4.80 (0.42) a | 3.30 (0.32) a | 4.81 (0.32) b |
Pseudomonas spp. | 4.50 (0.25) a | 8.40 (0.26) b | 4.70 (0.41) a | 8.20 (0.35) b | 4.25 (0.41) a | 8.35 (0.41) b | 4.50 (0.65) a | 8.25 (0.45) b | 4.40 (0.36) a | 6.80 (0.50) b | 3.90 (0.32) a | 7.15 (0.25) b | 4.85 (0.20) a | 7.30 (0.32) b | 4.22 (0.20) a | 7.05 (0.33) b |
LAB | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.20 (0.30) a | 4.37 (0.20) a | 4.55 (0.49) a | 3.87 (0.42) a | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.50 (0.21) a | 4.12 (0.33) a | 4.50 (0.32) a | 4.00 (0.23) a |
TAMC | 6.40 (0.20) a | 8.73 (0.24) b | 5.38 (0.04) a | 8.27 (0.11) b | 6.69 (0.35) a | 8.50 (0.21) b | 6.81 (0.71) a | 8.74 (0.36) b | 5.85 (0.26) a | 8.14 (0.36) b | 6.10 (0.53) a | 7.92 (0.36) b | 6.39 (0.65) a | 8.12 (0.58) b | 6.39 (0.36) a | 7.20 (0.25) b |
10 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 5.45 (0.08) a | 7.54 (0.24) b | 5.50 (0.17) a | 4.47 (0.48) b | 5.80 (0.08) a | 7.13 (0.12) b | 5.50 (0.15) a | 4.60 (0.30) b | 6.34 (0.52) a | 7.35 (0.39) b | 5.89 (0.65) a | 7.46 (0.45) b | 5.80 (0.25) a | 7.20 (0.52) b | 5.90 (0.56) a | 7.40 (0.54) b |
Enterococci | 3.20 (0.17) a | 4.46 (0.06) b | 3.15 (0.15) a | <2 b | 2.47 (0.08) a | 3.34 (0.14) b | 2.41 (0.10) a | <2 b | 2.89 (0.11) a | 3.52 (0.29) b | 2.82 (0.15) a | 3.32 (0.26) b | 2.53 (0.32) a | 2.80 (0.30) a | 2.50 (0.32) a | 2.52 (0.38) a |
Enterobacteriaceae | 3.60 (0.11) a | 4.79 (0.08) b | 3.39 (0.08) a | 4.60 (0.10) b | 3.80 (0.10) a | 4.44 (0.39) b | 3.41 (0.10) a | 4.51 (0.03) a | 3.56 (0.24) a | 4.16 (0.07) b | 3.31 (0.49) a | 4.47 (0.40) b | 3.80 (0.52) a | 4.20 (0.32) a | 3.60 (0.36) a | 4.00 (0.32) a |
Pseudomonas spp. | 4.25 (0.06) a | 8.28 (0.10) b | 4.50 (0.47) a | 8.25 (0.29) b | 4.25 (0.58) a | 8.05 (0.27) b | 4.35 (0.47) a | 8.17 (0.60) b | 4.56 (0.12) a | 7.32 (0.26) b | 4.86 (0.41) a | 7.36 (0.35) b | 4.23 (0.25) a | 7.13 (0.52) b | 4.00 (0.25) a | 7.53 (0.36) b |
LAB | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.19 (0.11) a | 4.20 (0.23) a | 4.42 (0.05) a | 4.31 (0.20) a | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.20 (0.23) a | 4.63 (0.28) a | 4.20 (0.42) a | 4.62 (0.52) a |
TAMC | 5.80 (0.75) a | 8.30 (0.15) b | 6.17 (0.32) a | 8.27 (0.21) b | 5.89 (0.76) a | 8.65 (0.06) b | 5.89 (0.36) a | 8.51 (0.07) b | 6.68 (0.42) a | 8.13 (0.39) b | 5.85 (0.55) a | 7.65 (0.46) b | 5.86 (0.36) a | 7.62 (0.52) b | 6.20 (0.51) a | 7.60 (0.48) b |
15 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 5.44 (0.08) a | 7.82 (0.27) b | 5.46 (0.15) a | 5.30 (0.20) a | 5.68 (0.08) a | 7.30 (0.30) b | 5.46 (0.15) a | 5.18 (0.27) a | 5.36 (0.53) a | 7.20 (0.37) b | 5.71 (0.64) a | 7.47 (0.37) b | 5.90 (0.19) a | 7.30 (0.08) b | 5.52 (0.16) a | 7.39 (0.14) b |
Enterococci | 3.15 (0.15) a | 5.78 (0.18) b | 3.15 (0.15) a | <2 b | 2.47 (0.14) a | 2.30 (0.20) a | 2.41 (0.10) a | <2 b | 2.67 (0.11) a | 2.52 (0.21) a | 2.57 (0.19) a | 3.77 (0.14) b | 2.52 (0.23) a | 2.75 (0.68) a | 2.52 (0.23) a | 3.90 (0.41) b |
Enterobacteriaceae | 3.59 (0.11) a | 4.91 (0.07) b | 3.54 (0.10) a | 4.86 (0.07) b | 3.80 (0.10) a | 4.55 (0.13) b | 3.35 (0.10) a | 4.80 (0.07) b | 3.87 (0.43) a | 4.68 (0.46) a | 3.84 (0.44) a | 4.80 (0.32) b | 4.10 (0.23) a | 4.89 (0.24) b | 3.74 (0.59) a | 4.38 (0.20) a |
Pseudomonas spp. | 4.50 (0.58) a | 8.33 (0.18) b | 4.23 (0.47) a | 8.98 (0.05) b | 4.25 (0.32) a | 8.05 (0.58) b | 4.32 (0.47) a | 8.85 (0.09) b | 4.24 (0.14) a | 7.37 (0.19) b | 4.21 (0.34) a | 7.48 (0.42) b | 4.24 (0.14) a | 7.57 (0.07) b | 4.55 (0.25) a | 7.98 (0.45) b |
LAB | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.19 (0.11) a | 4.55 (0.49) a | 4.39 (0.03) a | 4.25 (0.12) a | absence | absence | absence | absence | 4.62 (0.13) a | 4.45 (0.14) a | 4.66 (0.10) a | 4.77 (0.35) a |
TAMC | 5.80 (0.75) a | 8.41 (0.10) b | 5.70 (0.32) a | 8.87 (0.04) b | 5.80 (0.76) a | 8.30 (0.15) b | 6.20 (0.32) a | 8.69 (0.17) b | 6.33 (0.46) a | 8.08 (0.27) b | 6.67 (0.66) a | 8.63 (0.63) b | 6.57 (0.21) a | 8.12 (0.37) b | 6.49 (0.38) a | 8.26 (0.36) b |
Parameter | Air | Air & EO 1 | Air & Lm 2 | Air & EO & Lm | MAMA | MAMA & EO | MAMA & Lm | MAMA & EO & Lm | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial 3 | Final 4 | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | Initial | Final | |
0 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 3.90 (0.25) a | 3.60 (0.25) a | 3.90 (0.25) a | 3.80 (0.23) a | 3.95 (0.35) a | 3.66 (0.24) a | 3.80 (0.15) a | 4.05 (0.42) a | 3.90 (0.25) a | 4.26 (0.22) a | 3.60 (0.45) a | 4.10 (0.16) a | 3.92 (0.56) a | 4.06 (0.51) a | 3.74 (0.12) a | 4.20 (0.23) b |
Enterococci | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
Enterobacteriaceae | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 |
Pseudomonas spp. | 3.20 (0.32) a | 5.20 (0.36) b | 3.17 (0.12) a | 5.20 (0.35) b | 3.50 (0.14) a | 5.60 (0.40) b | 3.15 (0.39) a | 5.65 (0.54) b | 3.20 (0.32) a | 4.60 (0.23) b | 3.33 (0.12) a | 4.66 (0.21) b | 3.50 (0.30) a | 5.00 (0.24) b | 3.29 (0.15) a | 4.45 (0.28) b |
LAB 6 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 | <2 |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.20) a | 4.30 (0.22) b | 3.10 (0.20) a | 4.20 (0.23) b | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.87 (0.21) a | 3.69 (0.23) a | 3.65 (0.20) a | 3.88 (0.42) a |
TAMC 7 | 4.77 (0.30) a | 5.80 (0.36) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 5.60 (0.32) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 5.80 (0.36) b | 5.00 (0.30) a | 5.80 (0.21) b | 4.60 (0.23) a | 5.30 (0.34) b | 4.40 (0.30) a | 5.30 (0.32) b | 4.82 (0.34) a | 5.23 (0.43) a | 4.34 (0.32) a | 5.15 (0.22) b |
5 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 3.72 (0.05) a | 5.20 (0.35) b | 3.80 (0.20) a | 5.50 (0.32) b | 3.92 (0.12) a | 5.40 (0.36) b | 3.68 (0.25) a | 5.60 (0.35) b | 3.81 (0.15) a | 5.20 (0.32) b | 3.63 (0.45) a | 5.50 (0.42) b | 3.95 (0.05) a | 5.40 (0.32) b | 3.80 (0.07) a | 5.20 (0.36) b |
Enterococci | <2 | 3.30 (0.21) | <2 | 3.02 (0.21) | <2 | 3.33 (0.21) | <2 | 2.80 (0.32) | <2 | 3.40 (0.21) | <2 | 3.62 (0.23) | <2 | 3.35 (0.21) | <2 | 3.62 (0.23) |
Enterobacteriaceae | <1 | 4.30 (0.41) | <1 | 4.70 (0.42) | <1 | 4.22 (0.21) | <1 | 4.20 (0.32) | <1 | 4.30 (0.32) | <1 | 4.51 (0.32) | <1 | 4.20 (0.32) | <1 | 4.50 (0.33) |
Pseudomonas spp. | 3.02 (0.17) a | 7.45 (0.23) b | 3.17 (0.12) a | 7.40 (0.36) b | 3.20 (0.20) a | 7.50 (0.24) b | 3.10 (0.08) a | 7.50 (0.32) b | 3.41 (0.13) a | 5.60 (0.35) b | 3.32 (0.41) a | 5.54 (0.22) b | 3.16 (0.27) a | 5.60 (0.24) b | 3.10 (0.42) a | 5.60 (0.44) b |
LAB | <2 | 4.50 (0.22) | <2 | 4.60 (0.33) | <2 | 4.40 (0.35) | <2 | 4.38 (0.35) | <2 | 4.25 (0.33) | <2 | 4.37 (0.33) | <2 | 4.20 (0.36) | <2 | 4.52 (0.33) |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.05) a | 5.30 (0.52) b | 3.77 (0.05) a | 5.40 (0.36) b | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.05) a | 5.60 (0.42) b | 3.77 (0.05) a | 5.20 (0.32) b |
TAMC | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.60 (0.36) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.58 (0.47) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.80 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.80 (0.24) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.68 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 8.15 (0.32) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.90 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.96 (0.35) b |
10 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 3.92 (0.15) a | 5.42 (0.35) b | 3.58 (0.17) a | 5.42 (0.36) b | 3.72 (0.21) a | 5.24 (0.36) b | 3.73 (0.35) a | 5.62 (0.32) b | 3.60 (0.40) a | 6.24 (0.45) b | 3.73 (0.35) a | 6.57 (0.33) b | 3.68 (0.20) a | 6.85 (0.42) b | 3.90 (0.05) a | 6.74 (0.33) b |
Enterococci | <2 | 4.30 (0.25) | <2 | 3.40 (0.30) | <2 | 3.80 (0.33) | <2 | 4.06 (0.35) | <2 | 4.00 (0.30) | <2 | 3.40 (0.62) | <2 | 3.80 (0.30) | <2 | 4.30 (0.35) |
Enterobacteriaceae | <1 | 4.63 (0.52) | <1 | 4.50 (0.32) | <1 | 4.20 (0.36) | <1 | 5.10 (0.32) | <1 | 4.60 (0.33) | <1 | 4.60 (0.33) | <1 | 4.66 (0.36) | <1 | 4.63 (0.52) |
Pseudomonas spp. | 3.31 (0.30) a | 7.39 (0.35) b | 3.12 (0.10) a | 7.66 (0.51) b | 3.53 (0.27) a | 7.63 (0.32) b | 3.42 (0.12) a | 7.56 (0.33)b | 3.61 (0.23) a | 6.08 (0.34) b | 3.25 (0.17) a | 6.22 (0.35) b | 3.18 (0.22) a | 6.38 (0.42) b | 3.40 (0.32) a | 6.33 (0.42) b |
LAB | <2 | 4.20 (0.32) | < | 4.32 (0.41) | <2 | 4.30 (0.32) | <2 | 4.30 (0.33) | <2 | 4.20 (0.32) | <2 | 4.63 (0.32) | <2 | 4.20 (0.32) | <2 | 4.30 (0.32) |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.32) a | 6.90 (0.32) b | 3.77 (0.32) a | 6.50 (0.24) b | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.32) a | 6.54 (0.32) b | 3.77 (0.32) a | 6.23 (0.32) b |
TAMC | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.50 (0.62) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.80 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 8.12 (0.45) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 8.12 (0.26) b | 4.77 (0.30)a | 7.24 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 7.12 (0.35) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 6.86 (0.52) b | 4.77 (0.30) a | 6.90 (0.23) b |
15 °C | ||||||||||||||||
LoM | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||
Yeasts-molds | 3.83 (0.19) a | 6.33 (0.35) b | 3.68 (0.17) a | 6.68 (0.35) b | 3.80 (0.14) a | 6.36 (0.50) b | 3.92 (0.14) a | 6.20 (0.51) b | 3.76 (0.23) a | 6.50 (0.32) b | 3.75 (0.17) a | 6.56 (0.35) b | 3.80 (0.36) a | 6.50 (0.41) b | 3.54 (0.22) a | 6.30 (0.32) b |
Enterococci | <2 | 5.10 (0.52) | <2 | 4.88 (0.41) | <2 | 5.22 (0.67) | <2 | 4.85 (0.47) | <2 | 4.58 (0.62) | <2 | 4.89 (0.24) | <2 | 5.04 (0.26) | <2 | 5.33 (0.50) |
Enterobacteriaceae | <1 | 5.25 (0.36) | <1 | 5.50 (0.25) | <1 | 5.68 (0.41) | <1 | 5.53 (0.25) | <1 | 5.68 (0.41) | <1 | 5.32 (0.24) | <1 | 5.40 (0.54) | <1 | 5.30 (0.54) |
Pseudomonas spp. | 3.20 (0.32) a | 7.32 (0.42) b | 3.12 (0.36) a | 7.52 (0.26) b | 3.00 (0.23) a | 7.52 (0.35) b | 3.25 (0.14) a | 6.90 (0.54) b | 3.12 (0.12) a | 6.32 (0.36) b | 3.00 (0.23) a | 6.20 (0.32) b | 3.20 (0.20) a | 6.20 (0.24) b | 3.21 (0.12) a | 6.00 (0.35) b |
LAB | <2 | 4.23 (0.42) | <2 | 4.12 (0.21) | <2 | 3.69 (0.14) | <2 | 4.10 (0.24) | <2 | 4.30 (0.36) | <2 | 3.98 (0.41) | <2 | 3.90 (0.24) | <2 | 3.90 (0.14) |
L. monocytogenes | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.32) a | 6.12 (0.21) b | 3.84 (0.24) a | 6.47 (0.32) b | absence | absence | absence | absence | 3.77 (0.21) a | 6.69 (0.24) b | 3.77 (0.21) a | 6.20 (0.25) b |
TAMC | 4.27 (0.30) a | 7.20 (0.30) b | 4.18 (0.25) a | 6.90 (0.52) b | 4.25 (0.30) a | 7.75 (0.07) b | 4.57 (0.12) a | 7.39 (0.52) b | 4.25 (0.25) a | 7.12 (0.35) b | 4.35 (0.25) a | 7.20 (0.24) b | 4.27 (0.32) a | 7.10 (0.50) b | 4.40 (0.25) a | 7.12 (0.22) b |
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hadjilouka, A.; Polychronopoulou, M.; Paramithiotis, S.; Tzamalis, P.; Drosinos, E.H. Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Vapors on Microbial Dynamics and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Rocket and Melon Stored under Different Packaging Conditions and Temperatures. Microorganisms 2015, 3, 535-550. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3030535
Hadjilouka A, Polychronopoulou M, Paramithiotis S, Tzamalis P, Drosinos EH. Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Vapors on Microbial Dynamics and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Rocket and Melon Stored under Different Packaging Conditions and Temperatures. Microorganisms. 2015; 3(3):535-550. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3030535
Chicago/Turabian StyleHadjilouka, Agni, Melissanthi Polychronopoulou, Spiros Paramithiotis, Periklis Tzamalis, and Eleftherios H. Drosinos. 2015. "Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Vapors on Microbial Dynamics and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Rocket and Melon Stored under Different Packaging Conditions and Temperatures" Microorganisms 3, no. 3: 535-550. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3030535
APA StyleHadjilouka, A., Polychronopoulou, M., Paramithiotis, S., Tzamalis, P., & Drosinos, E. H. (2015). Effect of Lemongrass Essential Oil Vapors on Microbial Dynamics and Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Rocket and Melon Stored under Different Packaging Conditions and Temperatures. Microorganisms, 3(3), 535-550. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms3030535