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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/microorganisms13071522
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Review

The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases

by
Enrique A. Sanhueza-Carrera
1,2,
Cassiopeia Cantero-Ramírez
1,
Angel D. Montijo-Valdés
1,
Cinthya G. Rodríguez-Valladares
1,
Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
3,
Itzhel García-Torres
1,
Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón
4,
José F. González-Zamora
5 and
Gabriel López-Velázquez
1,*
1
Laboratorio de Biomoléculas y Salud Infantil, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
2
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
3
Laboratorio de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
4
International Scientific Council for Probiotics, A.C., Mexico City 14340, Mexico
5
Translational Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(7), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071522
Submission received: 28 May 2025 / Revised: 27 June 2025 / Accepted: 27 June 2025 / Published: 29 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Microbiology)
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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become one of the major global health crises of the last century, causing millions of deaths each year, and are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The pharmacological management of these conditions demands new alternative or complementary therapies due to the multiple long-term side effects experienced by patients. In this context, exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have emerged as a promising alternative due to their numerous functional properties and favorable biotechnological and medical applications for health. This review provides an overview of the properties of EPSs as bioactive agents in cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the cellular signaling mechanisms in their role as cardioprotective agents, with a primary focus on their roles as antioxidants, antihypertensives, and cholesterol regulators, and their regenerative effects on vascular epithelia, positioning EPSs as promising biomolecules for CVD prevention.
Keywords: exopolysaccharides; cardiovascular diseases; postbiotics; probiotics; prebiotics exopolysaccharides; cardiovascular diseases; postbiotics; probiotics; prebiotics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sanhueza-Carrera, E.A.; Cantero-Ramírez, C.; Montijo-Valdés, A.D.; Rodríguez-Valladares, C.G.; Fernández-Lainez, C.; García-Torres, I.; Gutiérrez-Castrellón, P.; González-Zamora, J.F.; López-Velázquez, G. The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071522

AMA Style

Sanhueza-Carrera EA, Cantero-Ramírez C, Montijo-Valdés AD, Rodríguez-Valladares CG, Fernández-Lainez C, García-Torres I, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, González-Zamora JF, López-Velázquez G. The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(7):1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071522

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sanhueza-Carrera, Enrique A., Cassiopeia Cantero-Ramírez, Angel D. Montijo-Valdés, Cinthya G. Rodríguez-Valladares, Cynthia Fernández-Lainez, Itzhel García-Torres, Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón, José F. González-Zamora, and Gabriel López-Velázquez. 2025. "The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases" Microorganisms 13, no. 7: 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071522

APA Style

Sanhueza-Carrera, E. A., Cantero-Ramírez, C., Montijo-Valdés, A. D., Rodríguez-Valladares, C. G., Fernández-Lainez, C., García-Torres, I., Gutiérrez-Castrellón, P., González-Zamora, J. F., & López-Velázquez, G. (2025). The Role of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Preventing and Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. Microorganisms, 13(7), 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071522

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