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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 2
10.3390/microorganisms13020401
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Review

The Role of Active Packaging in the Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens with Particular Attention to Bacteriophages

by
Rajesh V. Wagh
1,2,*,
Ruchir Priyadarshi
2,
Ajahar Khan
2,
Zohreh Riahi
2,
Jeyakumar Saranya Packialakshmi
2,
Pavan Kumar
1,
Sandeep N. Rindhe
3 and
Jong-Whan Rhim
2,*
1
Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
2
BioNanocomposite Research Center, Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Parbhani 431402, Maharashtra, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(2), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020401
Submission received: 2 December 2024 / Revised: 3 February 2025 / Accepted: 4 February 2025 / Published: 12 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Review Papers in Food Microbiology 2024)
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Abstract

The increasing demand for food safety and the need to combat emerging foodborne pathogens have driven the development of innovative packaging solutions. Active packaging, particularly those incorporating antimicrobial agents, has emerged as a promising approach to enhance food preservation and safety. Among these agents, bacteriophages (phages) have gained significant attention due to their specificity, efficacy, and natural origin. This manuscript explores the role of active packaging in protecting against foodborne pathogens, with a particular focus on bacteriophages. The review overviews recent advances in antimicrobials in food packaging, followed by a detailed discussion of bacteriophages, including their classification, mode of action, multidisciplinary applications, and their use as antimicrobial agents in active food packaging. The manuscript also highlights commercially available bacteriophage-based products and addresses the challenges and limitations associated with their integration into packaging materials. Despite their potential, issues such as stability, regulatory hurdles, and consumer acceptance remain critical considerations. In conclusion, bacteriophages represent a promising tool in active packaging for enhancing food safety, but further research and innovation are needed to overcome existing barriers and fully realize their potential in the food industry.
Keywords: active food packaging; phage therapy; antimicrobials; food safety active food packaging; phage therapy; antimicrobials; food safety

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wagh, R.V.; Priyadarshi, R.; Khan, A.; Riahi, Z.; Packialakshmi, J.S.; Kumar, P.; Rindhe, S.N.; Rhim, J.-W. The Role of Active Packaging in the Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens with Particular Attention to Bacteriophages. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020401

AMA Style

Wagh RV, Priyadarshi R, Khan A, Riahi Z, Packialakshmi JS, Kumar P, Rindhe SN, Rhim J-W. The Role of Active Packaging in the Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens with Particular Attention to Bacteriophages. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(2):401. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020401

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wagh, Rajesh V., Ruchir Priyadarshi, Ajahar Khan, Zohreh Riahi, Jeyakumar Saranya Packialakshmi, Pavan Kumar, Sandeep N. Rindhe, and Jong-Whan Rhim. 2025. "The Role of Active Packaging in the Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens with Particular Attention to Bacteriophages" Microorganisms 13, no. 2: 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020401

APA Style

Wagh, R. V., Priyadarshi, R., Khan, A., Riahi, Z., Packialakshmi, J. S., Kumar, P., Rindhe, S. N., & Rhim, J.-W. (2025). The Role of Active Packaging in the Defense Against Foodborne Pathogens with Particular Attention to Bacteriophages. Microorganisms, 13(2), 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020401

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