The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives from Gut Microbiota
3. Role of LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives on Immune cells
3.1. Antigen-Presenting Cells and Helper T Cell Subset
3.2. Role of LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives on DCs
3.3. Role of LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives on Macropahges
3.4. Role of LCA and DCA on Th1 Cells
3.5. Role of LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives on Th17 Cells
3.6. Role of LCA, DCA, and Their Derivatives on Treg Cells
4. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antigen-Presenting Cells | Bile Acids That Affect Antigen-Presenting Cells | Receptors for Bile Acids | Effects of Bile Acids |
---|---|---|---|
Dendritic cells | DCA, LCA | TGR5, FXR | Inductin of Th1 and Th17 differentiation |
isoDCA | FXR | Inductin of Treg differentiation | |
Macrophages | LCA, TLCA | TGR5 | Cytokine and chemokine secretion |
T Cell Subsets | Differentiation Regulators | Characteristic Cytokines | Functions | Bile Acids That Affect T Cell Differentiation | Receptors for Bile Acids | Effects of Bile Acids |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Th1 | T-bet, STAT1, STAT4 | IL-2, TNFα, IFNγ | cellular immunity, elimination of intracellular parasites | LCA | VDR | Th1 differentiation |
Th17 | RORγt, STAT3 | IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 | host defense against extracellular pathogens, barrier protection | 3-oxoLCA, LCA-3-S | RORγt | Th17 differentiation |
Treg | FoxP3, STAT5 | IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β | suppressing immune responses, maintaining immune tolerance | isoallo LCA | NR4A1 | Treg differentiation |
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Kiriyama, Y.; Nochi, H. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112730
Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(11):2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112730
Chicago/Turabian StyleKiriyama, Yoshimitsu, and Hiromi Nochi. 2023. "The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells" Microorganisms 11, no. 11: 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112730
APA StyleKiriyama, Y., & Nochi, H. (2023). The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Lithocholic Acid, Deoxycholic Acid and Their Derivatives on the Function and Differentiation of Immune Cells. Microorganisms, 11(11), 2730. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112730