Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Methods
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Virus | Serology | Manufacturer/Protocol | Sensitivity/Specificity a | RT-qPCR Protocol |
---|---|---|---|---|
TBEV | ELISA IgM/IgG, VNT | ELISA/IFA; Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany VNT protocol; Ilic et al., 2020 [19] | IgG 100%/100% | Schwaiger and Cassinotti, 2003 [29] |
IgG 100%/100% | ||||
WNV | ELISA IgM/IgG, VNT | IgM 94.4%/99.8% | Tang at al., 2006 [30] | |
IgG 99.5%/96.9% | ||||
USUV | ELISA IgG, VNT | 100%/99% | Nikolay et al., 2014 [31] | |
Phlebovirus Mosaic (TOSV, SFSV, SFNV, SFCV) | IFA IgM/IgG | IgM 100%/100% IgG 100%/92% | Weidmann et al., 2008 [32] | |
TAHV | VNT | Li et al., 2015 [33] | ||
BHAV | NT | Matsuno et al., 2013 [34] |
Virus | RT-qPCR | IgG Positive N (%) | 95%CI |
---|---|---|---|
TBEV | Negative | 3 (1.4) | 0.3–3.9 |
WNV | Negative | 6 (2.8) | 1.0–5.9 |
USUV | Negative | 1 (0.5) | 0.0–2.5 |
TOSV | Negative | 2 (0.9) | 0.1–3.3 |
SFSV | NT | 2 (0.9) | 0.1–3.3 |
TAHV | Negative | 22 (10.1) | 6.4–14.9 |
BHAV | Negative | NT |
Characteristic | Case 1 | Case 2 | Reference Values | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | Gender | Male | Female | |
Age | 75 | 59 | ||
Date of disease onset | 16 June 2019 | 18 October 2020 | ||
Area of residence | Urban | Rural, close to a river | ||
Clinical characteristics | Clinical presentation | Meningitis | Meningitis | |
Clinical symptoms | Fever, headache, weakness | Fever, headache, weakness, nausea, photophobia | ||
Underlying diseases | - | Hypertension | ||
Outcome | Recovery | Recovery | ||
CSF findings | Cells (mm3) | 412 | 218 | <5 |
Mononuclear cells (%) | 78 | 70 | 100% | |
Proteins (g/L) | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.17–0.37 g/L | |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 3.1 | 2.2 | 2.5–3.3 mmol/L | |
TAHV RT-qPCR | CSF | Negative | Negative | |
Urine | Negative | Negative | ||
TAHV VNT (titer) | Serum | 320 | 640 | ≥10 positive |
CSF | 5 | 10 | ≥5 positive |
Characteristic | Tested | TAHV NT Antibodies N (%) | 95% CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||||
Gender | Male | 144 (66.1) | 16 (11.1) | 6.5–17.4 | 0.485 |
Female | 74 (33.9) | 6 (8.1) | 3.0–16.8 | ||
Age group | <30 years | 57 (26.1) | 1 (1.8) | 0.0–9.4 | 0.001 |
30–49 years | 44 (20.2) | 2 (4.6) | 0.6–15.5 | ||
50–69 years | 76 (34.9) | 9 (11.8) | 5.6–21.3 | ||
≥70 years | 41 (18.8) | 10 (24.4) | 12.4–40.3 | ||
Area of residence | Urban | 132 (60.5) | 13 (9.8) | 5.3–16.2 | 0.882 |
Suburban/rural | 86 (39.5) | 9 (10.5) | 4.9–18.9 | ||
Living in floodplain | Yes No | 172 (78.9) | 21 (12.2) | 7.7–18.1 | 0.044 |
46 (21.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0.0–11.5 | |||
Clinical presentation | Febrile headache | 13 (6.0) | 2 (15.4) | 1.9–45.4 | 0.702 |
Meningitis | 143 (65.6) | 12 (8.4) | 4.4–14.2 | ||
Meningoencephalitis | 55 (25.2) | 7 (12.7) | 5.3–24.5 | ||
Myelitis | 7 (3.2) | 1 (14.3) | 0.4–57.8 |
Characteristic | OR | 95% CI OR | p | RR | 95% CI RR | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (Ref.) vs. female gender | 1.375 | 0.513–3.678 | 0.525 | 1.389 | 0.567–3.401 | 0.471 |
Age | ||||||
<30 years | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
30–49 years | 2.666 | 0.233–30.400 | 0.429 | 2.590 | 0.242–27.662 | 0.430 |
50–69 years | 7.522 | 0.924–61.200 | 0.059 | 6.750 | 0.880–51.770 | 0.066 |
>70 years | 18.064 | 2.207–147.809 | 0.007 | 13.902 | 1.851–104.393 | 0.9010 |
Suburban/rural (Ref.) vs. urban area of residence | 1.069 | 0.436–2.623 | 0.882 | 1.062 | 0.474–2.377 | 0.882 |
Living in floodplain | 6.258 | 0.819–47.820 | 0.071 | 5.616 | 0.775–40.659 | 0.087 |
Clinical presentation | ||||||
Febrile headache | Ref. | Ref. | ||||
Meningitis | 0.503 | 0.099–2.542 | 0.406 | 0.545 | 0.136–2.179 | 0.391 |
Meningoencephalitis | 0.802 | 0.146–4.402 | 0.799 | 0.827 | 0.193–3.528 | 0.797 |
Myelitis | 0.916 | 0.068–12.322 | 0.947 | 0.928 | 0.101–8.529 | 0.947 |
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Vilibic-Cavlek, T.; Stevanovic, V.; Savic, V.; Markelic, D.; Sabadi, D.; Bogdanic, M.; Kovac, S.; Santini, M.; Tabain, I.; Potocnik-Hunjadi, T.; et al. Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071443
Vilibic-Cavlek T, Stevanovic V, Savic V, Markelic D, Sabadi D, Bogdanic M, Kovac S, Santini M, Tabain I, Potocnik-Hunjadi T, et al. Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(7):1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071443
Chicago/Turabian StyleVilibic-Cavlek, Tatjana, Vladimir Stevanovic, Vladimir Savic, Domagoj Markelic, Dario Sabadi, Maja Bogdanic, Snjezana Kovac, Marija Santini, Irena Tabain, Tanja Potocnik-Hunjadi, and et al. 2022. "Detection of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with Neuroinvasive Disease in Croatia" Microorganisms 10, no. 7: 1443. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071443