Fungal Communities in Re-Emerging Fraxinus excelsior Sites in Lithuania and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Latitude, N | Longitude, E | Tree Age, y | Tree Species Composition, % * | Mean Annual Temperature, °C | Mean Annual Precipitation, mm | Stand Origin ** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U1 (Žeimelis) | 56°16′37.1″ | 24°02′33.0″ | 10–25 | 70F,10P,10B,10U | 6.3 | 620 | S |
U2 (Kėdainiai) | 55°13′35.4″ | 23°57′58.5″ | 15–20 | 90F,10P | 6.7 | 600 | S |
U3 (Šakiai) | 55°01′49.8″ | 23°00′20.2″ | 15–20 | 100F | 7.0 | 650 | S |
U4 (Telšiai) | 56°03′43.4″ | 22°25′08.3″ | 17 | 70F,30Q | 6.3 | 800 | P |
U5 (Šakiai) | 55°00′50.2″ | 23°04′00.9″ | 15–25 | 70F,10P,10B,10S | 7.0 | 650 | S |
U6 (Dubrava) | 54°44′20.6″ | 23°47′38.8″ | 17 | 100F | 6.8 | 650 | P |
U7 (Telšiai) | 56°03′33.8″ | 22°25′37.6″ | 17 | 70F,30Q | 6.3 | 800 | P |
U8 (Pakruojis) | 56°00′38.4″ | 23°55′48.5″ | 15–20 | 90F,10P | 6.5 | 600 | S |
U9 (Jonava) | 55°09′11.1″ | 24°06′56.8″ | 7–10 | 70F,30Q | 6.7 | 620 | S |
U10 (Dubrava) | 54°45′07.4″ | 23°47′53.5″ | 15–17 | 80F,10P,10B | 6.8 | 650 | S |
Fungal Taxa | No. of Pure Cultures/% | |
---|---|---|
Shoots | Leaves | |
Alternaria alternata | 87/10.9 | 71/22.5 |
Apiospora montagnei | 65/8.2 | 44/13.9 |
Aspergillus sp. | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Aspergillus sp. | 6/0.8 | -/- |
Aureobasidium pullulans | 6/0.8 | 43/13.6 |
Bjerkandera adusta | 12/1.5 | -/- |
Boeremia exigua | 14/1.8 | 12/3.8 |
Chaetomium globosum | 24/3.0 | -/- |
Cytospora pruinosa | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Cladosporium allicinum | 6/0.8 | 7/2.2 |
Coniochaeta sp. | 4/0.5 | -/- |
Coniothyrium sp. | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Coprinellus disseminatus | 9/1.1 | -/- |
Cosmospora sp. | 1/0.1 | 3/0.9 |
Daldinia sp. | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Diaporthe eres | 21/2.6 | 4/1.2 |
Diplodia fraxini | 11/11.4 | 3/0.9 |
Epicoccum nigrum | 49/6.2 | 14/4.4 |
Eutypa lata | 21/2.6 | 12/3.8 |
Fusarium graminearum | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Fusarium lateritium | 7/0.9 | 4/1.2 |
Fusarium oxysporum | 3/0.4 | 2/0.6 |
Fusarium sambucinum | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Fusarium solani | 1/0.1 | 1/0.3 |
Fusarium tricinctum | 2/0.3 | 2/0.6 |
Gibberella avenacea | 54/6.8 | 24/7.6 |
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus | 1/0.1 | -/- |
Hypoxylon fuscum | 19/2.4 | 3/0.9 |
Hypoxylon rubiginosum | 13/1.6 | 5/1.5 |
Jackrogersella multiformis | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Lewia sp. | 16/2.0 | -/- |
Linnemannia zychae | 1/0.1 | -/- |
Lophiostoma corticola | 4/0.5 | -/- |
Malassezia sp. | 52/6.5 | 7/2.2 |
Meyerozyma sp. | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Mortierella zychae | 6/0.8 | 14/4.3 |
Nectria cinnabarina | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Nemania serpens | 7/0.9 | 2/0.6 |
Neonectria coccinea | 5/0.6 | -/- |
Nigrospora oryzae | 12/1.5 | 3/0.9 |
Nothophoma quercina | 1/0.1 | -/- |
Paraophiobolus arundinis | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta | 3/0.4 | 4/1.2 |
Penicillium digitatum | 20/2.5 | -/- |
Penicillium flavigenum | 6/0.8 | -/- |
Periconia byssoides | 17/2.1 | 7/2.2 |
Phaeosphaeria caricis | 3/0.4 | 4/1.2 |
Phoma macrostoma | 67/8.4 | 11/3.4 |
Phomopsis sp. | 15/1.9 | -/- |
Praetumpfia obducens | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Sarocladium strictum | 44/5.5 | 7/2.2 |
Sclerostagonospora fusiformis | 3/0.4 | -/- |
Seimatosporium sp. | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Valsa cypri | 15/0.9 | -/- |
Xylaria hypoxylon | 2/0.3 | 2/0.6 |
Xylaria vasconica | 7/0.9 | 1/0.3 |
Unidentified sp. | 5/0.6 | -/- |
Unidentified sp. | 1/0.1 | -/- |
Unidentified sp. | 2/0.3 | -/- |
Total | 779/100 | 316/100 |
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Bakys, R.; Bajerkevičienė, G.; Pliūra, A.; Marčiulynas, A.; Marčiulynienė, D.; Lynikienė, J.; Mishcherikova, V.; Menkis, A. Fungal Communities in Re-Emerging Fraxinus excelsior Sites in Lithuania and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101940
Bakys R, Bajerkevičienė G, Pliūra A, Marčiulynas A, Marčiulynienė D, Lynikienė J, Mishcherikova V, Menkis A. Fungal Communities in Re-Emerging Fraxinus excelsior Sites in Lithuania and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101940
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakys, Remigijus, Gintarė Bajerkevičienė, Alfas Pliūra, Adas Marčiulynas, Diana Marčiulynienė, Jūratė Lynikienė, Valeriia Mishcherikova, and Audrius Menkis. 2022. "Fungal Communities in Re-Emerging Fraxinus excelsior Sites in Lithuania and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 1940. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101940