SARS-CoV-2: The Impact of Co-Infections with Particular Reference to Mycoplasma pneumonia—A Clinical Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. The Spectra of Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Children and Adults Differ
4.2. SARS-CoV-2 and Co-Infection
4.3. SARS-CoV-2 and M. pneumoniae Co-Infection
4.4. Clinical Influence of COVID-19 and Co-Infection
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Age Children | Mortality % | Age Children/Adolescents | Mortality% |
---|---|---|---|---|
USA | 0–4 y | 0–84 | 5–14 y | 0–16 |
UK | 0–9 y | 0–09 | 10–19 y | 0–29 |
Italy | 0–9 y | 0–16 | 10–19 y | 0–17 |
Germany | 0–9 y | 0–12 | 10–19 | 0–05 |
Spain | 0–9 y | 0–18 | 10–19 y | 0–05 |
France | 0–9 y | 0–00 | 10–19 | 0–05 |
South Korea | 0–9 y | 0–00 | 10–19 | 0–00 |
Authors | Sample | Median Age (Years) | SARS-CoV-2 and M. pneumoniae | Main Symptoms | Course | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serrano et al., 2020 [18] Italy | 2 | 48–8 y | 2/2 | Cough, skin eruptions | NR | Favourable |
Gayam et al., 2020 [19] USA | 350 | NR | 6/350 | Fever, Cough and fatigue, myalgia, diarrhea/vomiting, alterated mental status | Acute cardiac and Acute Kidney injury | 1 death |
Li et al., 2020 [20] China | 2 | Infant | ½ | Impaired heart dysfunction | NR | Favourable |
Plebani et al., 2020 [21] Italy | 9 | 9 y | 4/9 | Kawasaki-like disease | Deterioration of vasoplegic shock and of the general condition | Favourable |
Gao et al., 2021 [22] China | 1 | 49 y | 1/1 | Cough expectoration | Chest congestion | Favourable |
Karaaslan et al., 2021 [23] Turkey | 209 | NR | 1/7 | Fever, cough | NR | NR |
Nogueira López et al., 2021 [24] Spain | 72 | 83, 5 months | 5/7 | Fever, cough | NR | NR |
Li et al., 2021 [25] China | 81 | NR | 20/27 | Not specified in co-infection Fever, cough, vomiting/diarrhea | NR | No death |
Total | 728 | 40/405 |
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Marino, S.; Pavone, P.; Marino, L.; Nunnari, G.; Ceccarelli, M.; Coppola, C.; Distefano, C.; Falsaperla, R. SARS-CoV-2: The Impact of Co-Infections with Particular Reference to Mycoplasma pneumonia—A Clinical Review. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101936
Marino S, Pavone P, Marino L, Nunnari G, Ceccarelli M, Coppola C, Distefano C, Falsaperla R. SARS-CoV-2: The Impact of Co-Infections with Particular Reference to Mycoplasma pneumonia—A Clinical Review. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101936
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarino, Silvia, Piero Pavone, Lidia Marino, Giuseppe Nunnari, Manuela Ceccarelli, Claudio Coppola, Chiara Distefano, and Raffaele Falsaperla. 2022. "SARS-CoV-2: The Impact of Co-Infections with Particular Reference to Mycoplasma pneumonia—A Clinical Review" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101936