Free Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dynamic Model of the Hydraulic Quick Coupling System
2.1. Introduction to the Automatic Hydraulic Quick Coupling Devices and Hydraulic Quick Coupling System
2.2. Dynamic Model of the Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction
- (1)
- The HQC system is modeled based on the lumped parameter method. It is assumed that the density, stiffness, pressure, and other attribute parameters of each fluid unit in the HQC system are uniformly distributed across the control volume.
- (2)
- Except for the fluid units and springs, it is assumed that components such as the poppets, body enclosure, and hydraulic hoses are rigid, and their deformation under pressure is neglected.
- (3)
- Only the axial motion of the poppets is considered, and the forces exerted by the fluid units on the poppets are represented as linear spring forces in the axial direction.
- (4)
- The damping between the fluids and the poppets is reduced to linear damping in the axial direction.
- (5)
- Mechanical tolerances and installation errors, such as eccentricity, are neglected.
3. Equations of the Hydraulic Quick Coupling System
3.1. Equivalent Stiffness Model of the Fluid Unit
3.2. Free Vibration Equation of the Hydraulic Quick Coupling System
4. Modal Analysis of the Hydraulic Quick Coupling System
4.1. Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes
4.2. Influence of Important Parameters on the Natural Frequency
4.2.1. Effect of Working Pressure on the Natural Frequency
4.2.2. Effect of Air Content on the Natural Frequency
4.2.3. Effect of Spring Stiffness on the Natural Frequency
5. Experimental Verification
5.1. Experimental Set-Up
5.2. Experimental Results
6. Conclusions
- Considering the fluid–structure interaction within the HQC system, the dynamic model and 6-DOF equations were developed based on the lumped parameter method. The equivalent stiffness of the fluid units was derived and quantitatively calculated based on the compressibility of the fluid and the configuration of the HQC system.
- A free vibration analysis of the docking system was conducted. The natural frequencies for each mode, along with their corresponding mode shapes under given conditions, were obtained. The first four natural frequencies below 500 Hz were primarily analyzed, and the characteristics of poppet oscillation and pressure pulsation were thoroughly discussed under resonance conditions based on the corresponding mode shapes. Additionally, it was found that the natural frequencies increase with an increase in working pressure and a decrease in air content, while the spring stiffness only affects the first- and third-order natural frequencies.
- An experimental test platform for the dynamic model of the HQC system was constructed, and the theoretical model results were compared with experimental data based on the frequency spectrum of the pressure signal. It was found that the error in first-order natural frequency was only 2.7%, while the errors in the second-order and third-order natural frequencies were 5.8% and 6.7%, respectively. These errors may be attributed to the neglect of elastic deformation in hydraulic lines. However, both results exhibit good agreement in terms of magnitudes and trends, confirming the accuracy of the proposed model.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Fluid Unit | Segment | Axial Length of the Fluid Domain Li/(mm) | Average Area of Flow Cross-Section Sai/(mm2) |
---|---|---|---|
Fluid Unit 1 | I–II | L1 = 1500 | Sa1 = 401.1 |
II–III | L2 = 55.5 | Sa2 = 201.1 | |
III–IV | L3 = 7.5 | Sa3 = 471.4 | |
IV–V | L4 = 13.5 | Sa4 = 283.5 | |
V–VI | L5 = 8 | Sa5 = 57.7 | |
VI–I | L6 = 34.5 | Sa6 = 99.5 | |
Fluid Unit 2 | II–VII | L8 = 26.1 | Sa8 = 171.1 |
Fluid Unit 3 | VII–VIII | L10 = 26.5 | Sa10 = 35.3 |
VIII–IX | L11 = 5.2 | Sa11 = 283.5 | |
IX–X | L12 = 40 | Sa12 = 153.9 | |
X–XI | L13 = 1500 | Sa13 = 201.1 | |
Fluid Unit 4 | III–VIII | L9 = 36.75 | Sa9 = 63.6 |
Poppet | Location of the End Face 1 | End Face Area Api/mm2 |
---|---|---|
Female poppet | VI | Ap11 = 68.33 |
I | Ap12 = 37.70 | |
Male poppet | VII | Ap21 = 168.73 |
III | Ap22 = 63.62 |
Fluid Unit | Equivalent Stiffness (N/mm) | Value |
---|---|---|
Fluid Unit 1 | kf11 | 199.7 |
kf12 | 7.6 | |
Fluid Unit 2 | kf21 | 1761.8 |
kf22 | 8460.1 | |
Fluid Unit 3 | kf31 | 62.2 |
kf32 | 88.4 | |
Fluid Unit 4 | kf41 | 8.8 |
kf42 | 8.8 |
Parameter Name | Value |
---|---|
Mass of female poppet m1 (kg) | 0.029 |
Mass of male poppet m3 (kg) | 0.022 |
Mass of Fluid Unit 1 mf1 (kg) | 0.4934 |
Mass of Fluid Unit 2 mf2 (kg) | 0.0041 |
Mass of Fluid Unit 3 mf3 (kg) | 0.2802 |
Mass of Fluid Unit 4 mf4 (kg) | 0.0020 |
Stiffness of the spring for female poppet k1 (N/mm) | 1.23 |
Stiffness of the spring for male poppet k2 (N/mm) | 3.85 |
Density of hydraulic oil ρ (kg·m−3) | 875 |
Initial gas content of hydraulic oil α (%) | 5 |
Bulk elastic modulus of hydraulic oil Ev (MPa) | 700 |
Temperature T (°C) | 25 |
Order | First-Order | Second-Order | Third-Order | Fourth-Order | Fifth-Order | Sixth-Order | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural frequency fni/Hz | fn1 | fn2 | fn3 | fn4 | fn5 | fn6 | |
88.7 | 103.4 | 203.4 | 469.4 | 1691 | 8505 | ||
Modal shapes uni | Fluid Unit 1 | 0.1408 | 1 | −0.0127 | 0 | 0.0001 | 0 |
Female poppet | 1 | −0.1146 | 1 | −0.0239 | −0.8379 | −0.0217 | |
Fluid Unit 2 | 0.9993 | −0.1187 | 0.9782 | −0.0206 | 0.7153 | 1 | |
Male poppet | 0.9990 | −0.1195 | 0.9729 | −0.0198 | 1 | −0.1558 | |
Fluid Unit 3 | 0.9786 | −0.2296 | −0.1973 | 0.0005 | −0.0020 | 0 | |
Fluid Unit 4 | 0.5182 | −0.0628 | 0.6002 | 1 | −0.0413 | 0.0002 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Bulk modulus of elasticity Ev (MPa) | 220 |
Viscosity μ (N·s/m2) | 1 × 10−3 |
Mass density ρ (kg·m−3) | 998 |
Order | Pressure Conditions | Experimental Data (Hz) | Proposed Model (Hz) | Error (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
fn1 | 2.51 | 61 | 62.5 | 2.4 | Avg. 2.7 |
4.23 | 80 | 82.2 | 2.8 | ||
6.29 | 92 | 94.7 | 2.9 | ||
fn2 | 2.51 | 67 | 70.0 | 4.5 | Avg. 5.8 |
4.23 | 90 | 94.8 | 5.3 | ||
6.29 | 103 | 110.9 | 7.6 | ||
fn3 | 2.51 | 130 | 136.2 | 4.8 | Avg. 6.7 |
4.23 | 178 | 190.4 | 6.9 | ||
6.29 | 205 | 222.4 | 8.4 |
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Liu, Y.; Ma, F.; Geng, X.; Wang, S.; Zhou, Z.; Jin, C. Free Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction Characteristics. Actuators 2024, 13, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13120515
Liu Y, Ma F, Geng X, Wang S, Zhou Z, Jin C. Free Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction Characteristics. Actuators. 2024; 13(12):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13120515
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yuchao, Fei Ma, Xiaoguang Geng, Songyuan Wang, Zhihong Zhou, and Chun Jin. 2024. "Free Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction Characteristics" Actuators 13, no. 12: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13120515
APA StyleLiu, Y., Ma, F., Geng, X., Wang, S., Zhou, Z., & Jin, C. (2024). Free Vibration Analysis of Hydraulic Quick Couplings Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction Characteristics. Actuators, 13(12), 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13120515