Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Piscine Orthoreovirus-3 Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sampled Fish, Gross Pathology
2.2. Serological Examination
2.3. Virological Examination
2.4. Parasitological Examination
3. Discussion
3.1. Viral Pathogens
3.2. Piscine Orthoreovirus-3
3.3. Proliferative Kidney Disease
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Collection and Preparation
4.2. Serological Examination
4.3. Virological Examination
4.4. Parasitological Examination
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample River | EPC Cells | FHM Cells | VHSV PCR | VHSV ELISA | IHNV PCR | IHNV ELISA | IPNV PCR | SAV-2 PCR | PRV-3 PCR | PRV-3 Conc. * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ_1964_1 Oslava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Pos. | 2.73 × 105 |
CZ_1964_2 Oslava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Pos. | 2.59 × 104 |
CZ_1964_3 Oslava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Pos. | 6.66 × 103 |
CZ_1965_1 Jihlava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ_1965_2 Jihlava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ_1965_3 Jihlava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Pos. | 1.27 × 103 |
CZ_1965_4 Jihlava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ_1965_5 Jihlava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-1986/1-4 Svratka | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-1987/1-3 Loučka | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-2019/1-3 Losenický | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | Neg. | - | - | - |
CZ-2072/1-2 Sázava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-2079/1-2 Svratka | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-2079/3-4 Loučka | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-2082/1-3 Svitava | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
CZ-2090/1-3 Dyje | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | <0.1 | Neg. | Neg. | Neg. | - |
Sample River | Fish (n) | Swollen Kidney (%) | IHC Positive Fish (%) Parasites (n) * (Mean ± SD) | qPCR Positive Fish (%) ** Mean Ct ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
CZ-1964 Oslava | 32 | 3.1 | 15.6 0.68 ± 0.70 | 96.9 *** 28.08 ± 2.77 |
CZ-1965 Jihlava | 28 | 7.1 | 14.3 3.45 ± 3.14 | 100.0 *** 24.50 ± 1.63 |
CZ-1986 Svratka | 32 | 0 | 9.4 0.50 ± 0.32 | 25.0 *** 31.73 ± 1.13 |
CZ-1987 Loučka | 30 | 0 | 10.0 0.80 ± 1.04 | 73.3 *** 27.07 ± 3.14 |
CZ-2019 Losenický | 32 | 43.8 | 62.5 24.02 ± 22.63 | 6.3 *** 31.0 ± 0,84 |
CZ-2072 Sázava | 17 | 17.6 | 35.3 8.60 ± 8.88 | 94.1 **** 23.98 ± 3.26 |
CZ-2079/1,2 Svratka | 16 | 18.8 | 50.0 3.39 ± 3.39 | 81.3 **** 26.77 ± 2.81 |
CZ-2079/3,4 Loučka | 17 | 17.6 | 64.7 24.54 ± 59.75 | 76.5 **** 28.54 ± 3.28 |
CZ-2082 Svitava | 30 | 0 | 6.7 1.40 ± 1.84 | 56.7 **** 29.85 ± 2.39 |
CZ-2090 Dyje | 32 | 21.9 | 21.9 3.96 ± 6.13 | 59.4 **** 27.91 ± 2.57 |
Sample | River | Date | GPS | ST (n) | Other (n) | Temp. (°C) | Sera (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ-1964/1-5 | Oslava | 27 October 2015 | 49°21′59.0″ N 16°01′06.1″ E | 26 | OM 1, SF 5 | 4.0 | - |
CZ-1965/1-3 | Jihlava | 28 October 2015 | 49°05′52.8″ N 16°13′18.2″ E | 28 | - | 11.0 | - |
CZ-1986/1-4 | Svratka | 18 April 2016 | 49°28′59.5″ N 16°20′22.7″ E | 32 | - | 6.8 | - |
CZ-1987/1-3 | Loučka | 18 April 2016 | 49°23′25.0″ N 16°18′08.2″ E | 30 | - | 9.9 | - |
CZ-2019/1-3 | Losenický | 26 October 2016 | 49°34′06.9″ N 15°46′27.0″ E | 32 | - | 9.0 | - |
CZ-2072/1-2 | Sázava | 25 September 2017 | 49°33′16.2″ N 15°50′55.4″ E | 17 | - | 12.8 | 15 |
CZ-2079/1-2 | Svratka | 2 October 2017 | 49°28′59.5″ N 16°20′22.7″ E | 16 | - | 7.7 | 16 |
CZ-2079/3-4 | Loučka | 2 October 2017 | 49°23′25.0″ N 16°18′08.2″ E | 17 | - | 7.1 | 17 |
CZ-2082/1-3 | Svitava | 8 November 2017 | 49.2959953 N, 16.6644897 E | 30 | - | 7.5 | 30 |
CZ-2090/1-3 | Dyje | 8 November 2017 | 48.8523892 N, 15.8646003 E | 32 | - | 3.3 | 32 |
Target Organism | Method | Author |
---|---|---|
VHSV | Real-time RT-PCR | Jonstrup et al., 2013 [58] |
IHNV | Real-time RT-PCR | Purcell et al., 2013 [59] |
IPNV | Conventional RT-PCR | Orpetveit et al., 2010 [60] |
SAV-2 | Conventional RT-PCR | Hodneland and Endresen, 2006 [61] |
PRV-3 | Real-time RT-PCR | Adamek et al., 2019 [18] |
PRV-3 | Conventional RT-PCR | Olsen et al., 2015 [16] |
T. bryosalmonae | Real-time PCR | Bettge et al., 2009 [62] |
Salmo trutta-ef1α | Real-time PCR | Dietrich et al., 2015 [57] |
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Pojezdal, Ľ.; Adamek, M.; Syrová, E.; Steinhagen, D.; Minářová, H.; Papežíková, I.; Seidlová, V.; Reschová, S.; Palíková, M. Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Piscine Orthoreovirus-3 Infection. Pathogens 2020, 9, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080604
Pojezdal Ľ, Adamek M, Syrová E, Steinhagen D, Minářová H, Papežíková I, Seidlová V, Reschová S, Palíková M. Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Piscine Orthoreovirus-3 Infection. Pathogens. 2020; 9(8):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080604
Chicago/Turabian StylePojezdal, Ľubomír, Mikolaj Adamek, Eva Syrová, Dieter Steinhagen, Hana Minářová, Ivana Papežíková, Veronika Seidlová, Stanislava Reschová, and Miroslava Palíková. 2020. "Health Surveillance of Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Czech Republic Revealed a Coexistence of Proliferative Kidney Disease and Piscine Orthoreovirus-3 Infection" Pathogens 9, no. 8: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080604