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Volume 9
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10.3390/pathogens9030211
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Article

Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species

by
Xiaoli Chang
1,2,†,
Li Yan
2,†,
Muhammd Naeem
2,†,
Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
3,
Hao Zhang
1,
Guoshu Gong
2,
Min Zhang
2,
Chun Song
2,
Wenyu Yang
2,
Taiguo Liu
1,4 and
Wanquan Chen
1,4,*
1
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2
College of Agronomy & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping system, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan Province, China
3
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
4
National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pathogens 2020, 9(3), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211
Submission received: 6 February 2020 / Revised: 8 March 2020 / Accepted: 10 March 2020 / Published: 13 March 2020
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Abstract

Fusarium species are the most detrimental pathogens of soybean root rot worldwide, causing large loss in soybean production. Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has significant advantages on the increase of crop yields and efficient use of agricultural resources, but its effects on the occurrence and pathogen population of soybean root rot are rarely known. In this study, root rot was investigated in the fields of the continuous maize/soybean strip relay intercropping and soybean monoculture. Fusarium species were isolated from diseased soybean roots and identified based on sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), and the diversity and pathogenicity of these species were also analyzed. Our results showed that intercropping significantly decreased soybean root rot over monoculture. A more diverse Fusarium population including Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum was identified from intercropping while FSSC, FIESC, F. oxysporum, F. commune, F. asiaticum and F. meridionale were found from monoculture. All Fusarium species caused soybean root infection but exhibited distinct aggressiveness. The most aggressive F. oxysporum was more frequently isolated in monoculture than intercropping. FSSC and FIESC were the dominant species complex and differed in their aggressiveness. Additionally, F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides were specifically identified from intercropping with weak or middle aggressiveness. Except for F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum were firstly reported to cause soybean root rot in China. This study indicates maize/soybean relay strip intercropping can reduce soybean root rot, change the diversity and aggressiveness of Fusarium species, which provides an important reference for effective management of this disease.
Keywords: Maize/soybean rely strip intercropping; soybean root rot; Fusarium species; population diversity; pathogenicity Maize/soybean rely strip intercropping; soybean root rot; Fusarium species; population diversity; pathogenicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chang, X.; Yan, L.; Naeem, M.; Khaskheli, M.I.; Zhang, H.; Gong, G.; Zhang, M.; Song, C.; Yang, W.; Liu, T.; et al. Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species. Pathogens 2020, 9, 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211

AMA Style

Chang X, Yan L, Naeem M, Khaskheli MI, Zhang H, Gong G, Zhang M, Song C, Yang W, Liu T, et al. Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species. Pathogens. 2020; 9(3):211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang, Xiaoli, Li Yan, Muhammd Naeem, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli, Hao Zhang, Guoshu Gong, Min Zhang, Chun Song, Wenyu Yang, Taiguo Liu, and et al. 2020. "Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species" Pathogens 9, no. 3: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211

APA Style

Chang, X., Yan, L., Naeem, M., Khaskheli, M. I., Zhang, H., Gong, G., Zhang, M., Song, C., Yang, W., Liu, T., & Chen, W. (2020). Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping Reduces the Occurrence of Fusarium Root Rot and Changes the Diversity of the Pathogenic Fusarium Species. Pathogens, 9(3), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030211

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