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Volume 14
Issue 6
10.3390/pathogens14060544
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Identification, Detection, and Management of Soft Rot Disease of Ginger in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India

by
Utpal Dey
1,
Shatabhisa Sarkar
1,
Durga Prasad Awasthi
2,*,
Mukesh Sehgal
3,
Ravinder Kumar
4,*,
Biman De
2,
Nayan K. Adhikary
5,
Abhijit Debnath
6,
Rahul Kumar Tiwari
7,
Milan Kumar Lal
8,
Subhash Chander
3,
Ph. Ranjit Sharma
9 and
Amulya Kumar Mohanty
10
1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sepahijala, CAU(I), Latiacherra 799102, Tripura, India
2
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra 799210, Tripura, India
3
ICAR—National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, Mehrauli-110068, Delhi, India
4
ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
5
School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
6
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dhalai, Salema 799278, Tripura, India
7
ICAR—Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
8
ICAR—National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
9
Directorate of Extension Education, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 795004, Manipur, India
10
ICAR—Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone VII, Umiam 793103, Meghalaya, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2025, 14(6), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060544
Submission received: 28 March 2025 / Revised: 23 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 29 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification and Characterization of Plant Pathogens)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Ginger is an important spice crop in the north-eastern region of India. Rhizome rot, also called soft rot, is one of the most devastating diseases found in ginger that causes yield losses of up to 100% under favourable conditions. Initially, the disease symptoms appear as a light yellowing of the leaf tips that gradually spreads down to the leaf blade of lower leaves and the leaf sheath along the margin. Under favourable environmental conditions, the disease spreads rapidly, potentially causing significant crop damage. The pathogen can infect at any stage of crop growth, and under favourable environmental conditions, the disease spreads rapidly, failing the crop. Current research emphasises mitigating the losses caused by the devastating disease by using management strategies and biocontrol agents (BCAs). Results revealed that the average highest percent rhizome germination, lowest mean disease incidence, lowest mean disease severity index, lowest coefficient of disease index value, highest rhizome yield and benefit–cost ratio were recorded with Trichoderma harzianum (10 g/kg of rhizomes) + soil application of T. harzianum-enriched well-decomposed farm yard manure (3 kg of T. harzianum mixed with 100 kg FYM at 10–15 days before sowing) + soil drenching with T. harzianum at the rate 10 kg/ha, compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon, total available nitrogen, total available phosphorus, and total available potassium play critical roles in rhizome rot disease severity. BCAs can suppress the phytopathogenic fungi and modulate different functions in plants.
Keywords: biocontrol agents; management; Pythium aphanidermatum; soft rot; Zingiber officinale biocontrol agents; management; Pythium aphanidermatum; soft rot; Zingiber officinale

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Dey, U.; Sarkar, S.; Awasthi, D.P.; Sehgal, M.; Kumar, R.; De, B.; Adhikary, N.K.; Debnath, A.; Tiwari, R.K.; Lal, M.K.; et al. Identification, Detection, and Management of Soft Rot Disease of Ginger in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Pathogens 2025, 14, 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060544

AMA Style

Dey U, Sarkar S, Awasthi DP, Sehgal M, Kumar R, De B, Adhikary NK, Debnath A, Tiwari RK, Lal MK, et al. Identification, Detection, and Management of Soft Rot Disease of Ginger in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Pathogens. 2025; 14(6):544. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060544

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dey, Utpal, Shatabhisa Sarkar, Durga Prasad Awasthi, Mukesh Sehgal, Ravinder Kumar, Biman De, Nayan K. Adhikary, Abhijit Debnath, Rahul Kumar Tiwari, Milan Kumar Lal, and et al. 2025. "Identification, Detection, and Management of Soft Rot Disease of Ginger in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India" Pathogens 14, no. 6: 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060544

APA Style

Dey, U., Sarkar, S., Awasthi, D. P., Sehgal, M., Kumar, R., De, B., Adhikary, N. K., Debnath, A., Tiwari, R. K., Lal, M. K., Chander, S., Sharma, P. R., & Mohanty, A. K. (2025). Identification, Detection, and Management of Soft Rot Disease of Ginger in the Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Pathogens, 14(6), 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060544

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