Assessment of Knowledge of Monkeypox Viral Infection among the General Population in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Data Collection Tool
2.3. Data Collection Procedure
2.4. Study Variables
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | N (%) | |
---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 18–25 | 216 (45) |
26–45 | 213 (44.4) | |
>45 | 51 (10.5) | |
Gender | Female | 282 (55.8) |
Male | 198 (41.3) | |
Marital status | Single | 282 (58.8) |
Married | 198 (41.3) | |
Region of Saudi Arabia | Middle | 102 (21.3) |
Southern | 174 (36.3) | |
Northern | 78 (16.3) | |
Western | 63 (13.1) | |
Eastern | 63 (13.1) | |
Residency | Rural | 63 (13.1) |
Urban | 417 (86.9) | |
Education level | High school and below | 66 (13.8) |
Bachelor’s degree | 309 (64.4) | |
Postgraduate degree | 105 (21.9) | |
Employment | No | 243 (50.6) |
Yes | 237 (49.4) | |
Healthcare worker | No | 360 (75) |
Yes | 120 (25) | |
Monthly income | <3000 SAR/month | 207 (43.1) |
3000–10,999 SAR/month | 117 (24.4) | |
11,000–15,999 SAR/month | 69 (14.4) | |
≥16,000 SAR/month | 87 (18.1) | |
Chronic disease | Yes | 69 (14.37) |
No | 411 (85.63) | |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) | 84 (34.1) | |
Smoking | 75 (30.5) | |
Vaccination history | Two or more COVID-19 vaccine shots | 357 (44.9) |
Childhood vaccination complete | 438 (55.1) | |
Do you think monkeypox will affect social and economic life like the COVID-19 pandemic? | No | 363 (75.6) |
Yes | 117 (24.4) | |
In your opinion, is monkeypox a conspiracy or bioterrorism? | No | 369 (76.9) |
Yes | 111 (23.1) |
Statements | Answers | N (%) |
---|---|---|
What kind of disease does monkeypox cause? | Chronic disease | 21 (4.4) |
Immune disease | 51 (10.6) | |
Infectious disease * | 348 (72.5) | |
Hereditary | 9 (1.9) | |
inflammation | 33 (6.9) | |
Metabolic | 18 (3.8) | |
Monkeypox is a new infection that appeared this year 2022. | No * | 249 (51.9) |
Yes | 183 (38.1) | |
I do not know | 48 (10) | |
Monkeypox is a sexually transmitted disease. | No * | 258 (53.8) |
Yes | 162 (33.8) | |
I do not know | 60 (12.5) | |
Chickenpox and monkeypox are the same disease. | No * | 264 (55) |
Yes | 69 (14.4) | |
I do not know | 147 (30.6) | |
Monkeypox is common in Middle Eastern countries. | No * | 294 (61.3) |
Yes | 57 (11.9) | |
I do not know | 129 (26.9) | |
Monkeypox is common in West and Central African countries. | No | 60 (12.5) |
Yes * | 315 (65.6) | |
I do not know | 105 (21.9) | |
There are many cases recorded in Saudi Arabia. | No * | 381 (79.4) |
Yes | 21 (4.4) | |
I do not know | 78 (16.3) | |
Monkeypox cases are increasing in the USA and Europe. | No | 51 (10.6) |
Yes * | 315 (65.6) | |
I do not know | 114 (23.8) | |
Monkeypox is a contagious viral disease. | No | 81 (16.9) |
Yes * | 336 (70) | |
I do not know | 63 (13.1) | |
Monkeypox is a contagious bacterial disease. | No * | 246 (51.2) |
Yes | 156 (32.5) | |
I do not know | 78 (16.3) | |
Monkeypox is easily transmitted from one person to another. | No * | 186 (38.8) |
Yes | 201 (41.9) | |
I do not know | 93 (19.4) | |
Monkeypox is transmitted to humans through the bites and scratches from infected animals. | No | 132 (27.5) |
Yes * | 198 (41.3) | |
I do not know | 150 (31.3) | |
People with monkeypox can transmit the disease to others (the disease is transmitted between humans). | No | 27 (5.6) |
Yes * | 405 (84.4) | |
I do not know | 48 (10) | |
Monkeypox is spread by droplets (coughing and sneezing). | No | 108(22.5) |
Yes * | 291 (60.6) | |
I do not know | 81 (16.9) | |
The first symptoms of monkeypox are similar to the flu. | No | 87 (18.1) |
Yes * | 258 (53.8) | |
I do not know | 135 (28.1) | |
Skin rash is a symptom of monkeypox. | No | 33 (6.9) |
Yes * | 384 (80) | |
I do not know | 63 (13.1) | |
Monkeypox only affects males. | No * | 378 (78.8) |
Yes | 30 (6.3) | |
I do not know | 72 (15) | |
Hand sanitizers and face masks are important in preventing monkeypox. | No | 78 (16.3) |
Yes * | 306 (63.7) | |
I do not know | 96 (20) | |
There is a special treatment for monkeypox. | No * | 189 (39.4) |
Yes | 147 (30.6) | |
I do not know | 144 (30) | |
Monkeypox is spread through bodily fluids. | No | 78 (16.3) |
Yes * | 258 (53.8) | |
I do not know | 144 (30) | |
There is a monkeypox vaccine available in Saudi Arabia. | No * | 201 (41.9) |
Yes | 129 (26.9) | |
I do not know | 150 (31.3) | |
The chickenpox vaccine I got in childhood protects me from monkeypox. | No * | 165 (34.4) |
Yes | 138 (28.7) | |
I do not know | 177 (36.9) | |
There is a smallpox vaccine that can be used for monkeypox. | No | 90 (18.8) |
Yes * | 207 (43.1) | |
I do not know | 183 (38.1) |
Variables | Categories | Knowledge Level | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall knowledge score | Low (≤14) N (%) 252 (52) | High (>14) N (%) 228 (48) | ||
Age (Years) | 18–25 | 132 (61.1) | 84 (38.9) | <0.01 * |
26–45 | 99 (46.5) | 114 (53.5) | ||
>45 | 21 (41.2) | 30 (58.8) | ||
Gender | Female | 153 (54.3) | 129 (45.7) | 0.35 |
Male | 99 (50) | 99 (50) | ||
Marital status | Single | 162 (57.4) | 120 (42.6) | <0.01 * |
Married | 90 (45.5) | 108 (54.5) | ||
Region of Saudi Arabia | Middle | 42 (41.2) | 60 (58.8) | <0.01 * |
Southern | 90 (51.7) | 84 (48.3) | ||
Northern | 57 (73.1) | 21 (26.9) | ||
Western | 33 (52.4) | 30 (47.6) | ||
Eastern | 30 (47.6) | 33 (52.4) | ||
Residency | Rural | 42 (66.7) | 21 (33.3) | <0.01 * |
Urban | 210 (50.4) | 207 (49.6) | ||
Education level | High school and below | 42 (63.6) | 24 (36.4) | <0.01 * |
Bachelor’s degree | 180 (58.3) | 129 (41.7) | ||
Postgraduate degree | 30 (28.6) | 75 (71.4) | ||
Employee | No | 159 (65.4) | 84 (34.6) | <0.01 * |
Yes | 93 (39.2) | 144 (60.8) | ||
Healthcare worker | No | 222 (61.7) | 138 (38.3) | <0.01 * |
Yes | 30 (25) | 90 (75) | ||
Monthly income | <3000 SAR/month | 132 (63.8) | 75 (36.2) | <0.01 * |
3000–10,999 | 63 (53.8) | 54 (46.2) | ||
11,000–15,999 | 39 (56.5) | 30 (43.5) | ||
≥16,000 SAR/month | 18 (20.7) | 69 (79.3) | ||
Obesity (BMI ≥30) | No | 201 (50.8) | 195 (49.2) | 0.09 |
Yes | 51 (60.7) | 33 (39.3) | ||
Smoking | No | 225 (55.6) | 180 (44.4) | <0.01 * |
Yes | 27 (36) | 48 (64) | ||
Two or more COVID-19 vaccine shots | No | 41 (33.4) | 82 (66.6) | 0.06 |
Yes | 153 (42.9) | 204 (57.1) | ||
Childhood vaccination complete | No | 27(64.3) | 15(35.7) | 0.10 |
Yes | 225 (51.4) | 213 (48.6) | ||
Do you think monkeypox will affect social and economic life like the COVID-19 pandemic? | No | 180 (49.6) | 183 (50) | 0.02 * |
Yes | 72 (61.5) | 45 (38.5) | ||
In your opinion, is monkeypox a conspiracy or a terrorist act? | No | 189 (51.2) | 180 (48.8) | 0.31 |
Yes | 63 (56.8) | 48 (43.2) |
Source of Information | Total, n (%) | Knowledge Score | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Low, n (%) | High, n (%) | |||
252 (52) | 228 (48) | |||
TV and radio | 219 (45.6) | 120 (54.8) | 99 (45.2) | |
Social media | 360 (75.0) | 186 (51.7) | 174 (48.3) | |
Healthcare provider | 66 (13.8) | 9 (13.6) | 57 (86.4) | <0.01 * |
Family or friend | 75 (15.6) | 36 (48) | 39 (52) | |
Books | 18 (3.75) | 6 (33.3) | 12 (66.7) | |
Research articles | 42 (8.8) | 9 (21.4) | 33 (78.6) |
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Alshahrani, N.Z.; Alzahrani, F.; Alarifi, A.M.; Algethami, M.R.; Alhumam, M.N.; Ayied, H.A.M.; Awan, A.Z.; Almutairi, A.F.; Bamakhrama, S.A.; Almushari, B.S.; et al. Assessment of Knowledge of Monkeypox Viral Infection among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2022, 11, 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080904
Alshahrani NZ, Alzahrani F, Alarifi AM, Algethami MR, Alhumam MN, Ayied HAM, Awan AZ, Almutairi AF, Bamakhrama SA, Almushari BS, et al. Assessment of Knowledge of Monkeypox Viral Infection among the General Population in Saudi Arabia. Pathogens. 2022; 11(8):904. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080904
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshahrani, Najim Z., Faris Alzahrani, Abdullah M. Alarifi, Mohammed R. Algethami, Maathir Naser Alhumam, Hatim Abdullah Mohammed Ayied, Ahmed Zuhier Awan, Abdullah Faisal Almutairi, Saeed Abdullah Bamakhrama, Budur Saad Almushari, and et al. 2022. "Assessment of Knowledge of Monkeypox Viral Infection among the General Population in Saudi Arabia" Pathogens 11, no. 8: 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080904